Word Structure and Stress

1. Word Structure and Stress (Makk Zsófi)

2. after certain suffixes have been attached to a word, the original stress pattern may change átom – atómic Japán – Jàpanése horízon – hòrizóntal

3. Derived words: since suffixation has made the word longer, primary stress shifts to the right, and the original primary stress reduces to secondary (rightmost rhythmic beat!) • Derivational Secondary Stress (e.g.adáptable – adàptabílity éducate – èducátion jústify – jùstificátion)

4. Derivational Secondary Stress blocked to avoid stress clash: Iambic Secondary Stress (horízon – hòrizóntal , Japán – Jàpanése) or Major Stress Deletion (átom – atómic , Gérman – Germánic)

5. Family of suffixes Two classes: - Stress-neutral: unable to affect the stress pattern of the word (e.g., -ing, -ed, -s, -like) -Stress-fixing/non-neutral: systematically change the place and/or the degree of the stresses (e.g., -ion, -ic, -ese, -al)

6. Examples Stress-neutral suffixes: • -able:consíder – considerable, avóid – unavóidable • -ing:éducate – éducating, ínterest – ínteresting • - ism:álcohol – álcoholism fanátic – fanáticism • -ness:cáreless – cárelessness, lùkewárm – lùkewármness

7. Examples Stress-fixing suffixes: Self-stressed: are primary stressed themselves • -ade:lémon – lemonade, cánnon – cannonade • -een: séven – seventeen • -ese:jóurnal – journalese, Japan – Japanese • -esque:Róman – Ròmanésque, pícture – pìcturésque

8. Examples Stress-fixing suffixes Pre-stressed: require primary stress to fall on the syllable which immediately precedes them in the word • -ic:ecónomy – economic, átom – atómic • -ion:sólve – solútion, éducate – èducátion, adápt – adaptation • -ulous:míracle – miráculous, rídicule – ridiculous

9. Resources: • Balogné Bérces – Szentgyörgyi (2006): Pronunciation of English

10. Thank you for your attention!