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chapter 18---classification

chapter 18---classification. DIVERSITY OF SPECIES. CAROLUS LINNEAUS. “I DID NOT SAY THAT MAN CAME FROM APE!”. SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST NATURAL SELECTION!. ADAPTATION IS ANY INHERITED CHARACTERISTIC THAT INCREASES AN ORGANISMS’ CHANCE OF SURVIVAL!.

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chapter 18---classification

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  1. chapter 18---classification DIVERSITY OF SPECIES

  2. CAROLUS LINNEAUS

  3. “I DID NOT SAY THAT MAN CAME FROM APE!” SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST NATURAL SELECTION! ADAPTATION IS ANY INHERITED CHARACTERISTIC THAT INCREASES AN ORGANISMS’ CHANCE OF SURVIVAL!

  4. UNDERSTANDINGTHE NEED FOR CLASSIFICATION

  5. 6 KINGDOMS

  6. TAXONOMY on O ME

  7. PHYLOGENY THE TREE OF LIFE

  8. THREE DOMAINSYSTEM

  9. CLADOGRAM TREE LIKE DIAGRAM THAT ARRANGES ORGANISMS BY THEIR BRANCHING IN AN EVOLUTIONARY TREE HOW TO BUILD A CLADOGRAM

  10. A CLADOGRAM SHOULD SHOW • POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIPS • PROBABLE SEQUENCE OF ORIGINS • SHARED DERIVED CHARACTERS A shared character is one that two lineages have in common, And a derived character is one that evolved in the lineage leading up to a clade and that sets members of that clade apart from other individuals. Evolution 101: Tree

  11. UNDERSTANDING CLADOGRAMS AND CLADES

  12. O= internal node/hypothetical ancestor. A terminal node is the hypothetical last common ancestral interbreeding population of the taxon labeled at a tip of the cladogram An internal node is the hypothetical last common ancestral population that speciated (i.e., split) to give rise to two or more daughter taxa, which are thus sister taxon to each other. Each internal node is located at the base of the clade. For example, the clade that is Hypothetically shared between Taxon 1 and Taxon 2 include their shared ancestor (an Interbreeding population of organisms) Node A = root of the cladogram There are four terminal nodes in this diagram

  13. TAXA WE ARECATEGORIZING • SALMON • AMOEBA • SPONGE • EARTHWORM • CAT • LIZARD • KANGAROO ALL OF THESE ORGANISMS SHARE AN EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP THE OUTGROUP IS THE AMOEBA AS IT ONLY SHARES THE EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIP NOT THE DERIVED CHARACTERISTICS THE INGROUP CONTAINS THE SALMON, SPONGE, EARTHWORM, CAT, LIZARD AND KANGAROO

  14. DERIVED CHARACTERS Now we are ready to make the cladogram for these organisms

  15. CAT KANGAROO LIZARD PLACENTA SALMON HAIR EARTHWORM LIMBS SPONGE JAWS I chose the Amoeba as the outgroup Because the first derived characteristic or Trait is multicellular…therefore, the out Group had to be unicellular AMOEBA SEGMENTED MULTICELLULAR BRANCH POINT

  16. CLADOGRAM

  17. VENN DIAGRAM

  18. AMOEBA OUTGROUP Man Stand Upright LIZARD Amniotic TIGER Mammary glands SALAMANDER Lungs Lamprey Multicellular THESE ANIMALS ARE IN THE INGROUP

  19. MOLECULAR CLOCK USES DNA COMPARISONS TO ESTIMATE THE LENGTH OF TIME THAT TWO SPECIES HAVE BEEN EVOLVING INDEPENDENTLY. DNA SIMILAIRIETIES CAN BE USED TO HELP DETERMINE CLASSIFICATION AND EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS. A MOLECULAR CLOCK ALSO RELIES ON A REPEATING PROCESS TO MARK TIME…….MUTATION.

  20. DOMAINS LARGER THAN A KINGDOM!

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