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Chapter 18 Classification

Bacteria. Chapter 18 Classification. Fungi. Protist. Plants. Animals. What is Classification?. Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. Can you name some things that are classified in everyday life?. Why Classify?. To put things in order

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Chapter 18 Classification

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  1. Bacteria Chapter 18 Classification Fungi Protist Plants Animals

  2. What is Classification? • Classification is the grouping of objects or information based on similarities. • Can you name some things that are classified in everyday life?

  3. Why Classify? • To put things in order • To make things easier to find • To show relationships • To simplify organization • What are some things that are classified in biology?

  4. What is taxonomy? • Branch of biology concerned with the grouping and the naming of organisms

  5. Aristotle First Scientist to classify living things

  6. Aristotle's System was simple: Plant or Animal

  7. Trees Shrubs Aristotle classified plants into three groups. Tall, woody plants were trees, medium plants were shrubs, and small, soft plants were called herbs Herbs

  8. Animals were grouped by where they lived.

  9. Problems with Aristotle’s System • Too generic • Very simple • Did not include many organisms • Did not base relationships on similarities

  10. Carolus Linnaeus Late 1700’s, Carolus Linnaeus studied physical characteristics of living organisms.

  11. Linnaeus’s System of Classification • Selected physical characteristics as a basis for classification • Examples of characteristics: means of locomotion, reproduction, and feeding mechanisms

  12. Linnaeus Invented a New Naming System Binomial Nomenclature • All organisms were categorized and given a genus and a species name

  13. How Living Things are Classified • Organisms are grouped into a series of categories called taxa, each one larger than the previous one.

  14. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  15. King Phillip Came Over For Great Spaghetti!

  16. Scientific Names • Scientific names are written in Latin. • Latin is no longer spoken, therefore, does not change as spoken languages do. • “Universal naming system” • Scientific names consist of the Genus and the species.

  17. Writing Scientific Names • Scientific names are underlined or written in Italics. • The first letter of the genus is always capitalized. • The first letter of the species name is always lowercase. • EX: Lynx rufus

  18. The Six Living Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi Plants Animals

  19. How are these animal alike? All are in the order Carnivora

  20. All are in the family Canidae

  21. Both are in the genus Canis Canis familiaris Canis lupus

  22. 3 DOMAINS • Includes Kingdom Eubacteria • Includes Kingdom Archaebacteria • Includes Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

  23. Bacteria Microscopic Prokaryotes Archaebacteria: Ancient bacteria Eubacteria: true bacteria, most common

  24. Kingdom Protista Unicellular or multicellular Plant-like, Animal-like, or Fungus-like Eukaryote Lack complex organs Live in moist environments Ex.: Amoeba, slime molds, giant kelp

  25. Kingdom Fungi Do not move Unicellular or multicellular Decomposers Ex.: Mushrooms, Yeasts

  26. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotes Stationary Autotrophs Ex.:Mosses, Ferns, Flowering Plants

  27. Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Diverse Eukaryotes Heterotrophic Ex.: Sponges, worms, insects, fish, and mammals

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