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What was the impact of Japanese imperialism up to 1945?

What was the impact of Japanese imperialism up to 1945?. 1. Collaborationist gov’ts. An increasing number of local collaborationist gov’ts in China existed from 1931 on China had yielded significant areas and authority to Japan. 1. Collaborationist gov’ts.

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What was the impact of Japanese imperialism up to 1945?

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  1. What was the impact of Japanese imperialism up to 1945?

  2. 1. Collaborationist gov’ts • An increasing number of local collaborationist gov’ts in China existed from 1931 on • China had yielded significant areas and authority to Japan

  3. 1. Collaborationist gov’ts • Officially “Autonomous Councils” but actually “puppet states” under Japanese • Shanghai, Manchukuo, Hebei, Inner Mongolia

  4. 1. Collaborationist gov’ts • Served to seriously worsen China’s already weak internal political structure

  5. 2. International impact • Not much in 1931 • LofN condemned Japan but no real action • Japan left LofN in 1933 • International economic and commercial links with both Japan and China maintained

  6. 2. International impact • Fascists happy • 1936 Anti-Comintern • Pactbetween Germany, • Italy and Japan

  7. 3. Sino-Japanese War in 1937 • War broke out when China refused to continue to cede to Japanese demands for ever more control in China Chiang: “If we allow one inch more of our territory to be lost, we shall be guilty of an unpardonable crime against our race.”

  8. 3. Sino-Japanese War in 1937 • Two phases: • 1937-1941, Japanese advances • 1941-1945, part of WWII, US was China’s ally

  9. 4. Devastation for China • War against Japan was very damaging for China • 30 million Chinese died (est.) • High material cost of war • Chongqing (on Yangtze River) became the most heavily bombed city in 20th century warfare

  10. 4. Devastation for China • Rape of Nanjing (pp. 108-110) Horrible war-time crimes inflictedby the Japanese.

  11. 5. GMD-CCP Alliance • Two main Chinese political parties formed an uneasy alliance to combat Japanese aggression • United Front

  12. 5. GMD-CCP Alliance • But, Chaing’s #1 remained destroying Mao’s Chinese Communist Party (CCP) • For Chaing and the Nationalists (GMD), defeat of Japan was a means to defeating the CCP

  13. 5. GMD-CCP Alliance • CCP played down their political aims (class war, violent revolution) and emphasized their commitment to China’s national struggle against Japan

  14. 6. US drawn into WWII • Japanese imperialism and expansionism led to the attack on the US fleet at Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941 • Following this attack the US officially entered WWII

  15. 6. US drawn into WWII • China came into WWII on the Allied side • Thus, China was supplied and supported by the Allies to fight Japan (they’d been on their own since 1931!)

  16. 6. US drawn into WWII • Investment in China reached $1 billion + by 1945 • Chiang Kaishek and the GMD received a political and military boost as China’s leadership via US support

  17. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War • During WWII Chiang continued to prioritize defeating the CCP • But, the CCP was increasingly in a strategic position of strength & more popular than GMD

  18. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War • GMD increasing unpopular: • Land appropriation • Harsh taxation • Harsh conscription/military recruitment • Harsh discipline • Increasingly corrupt

  19. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War • Result = GMD failed to win the support of the Chinese people who they were supposedly fighting for and hoped to govern (esp. Chinese peasants)

  20. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War • Abrupt end of WWII with US atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki meant that Chiang’s position was further weakened:

  21. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War - Chiang denied support from American troops on Chinese soil - Japanese surrender in CCP-held areas challenged GMD authority (CCP not willing to give territory up to GMD)

  22. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War • Sooo, at the end of the Sino-Japanese / WWII in August 1945: - The Chinese Red Army held lands they had liberated from the Japanese • The Nationalists (GMD) wanted these lands back • US attempts at a peace settlement/compromise failed(GMD-CCP mutual distrust too great) • Renewal of Chinese Civil War between CCP and GMD

  23. 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War • Conclusion: The Japanese war had served as the great catalyst in Chinese politics.

  24. What was the impact of Japanese imperialism up to 1945? 1.More Japanese collaborationist gov’ts in China 2.Japan closer to European Axis powers 3.Outbreak of Sino-Japanese War, 1937 4.Devastation for China 5.GMD-CCP uneasy alliance in the face of urgency 6.US entry into WWII 7. Set the stage for the Chinese Civil War

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