History of Space Exploration

1. History of Space Exploration

2. People to remember: • Galileo • Robert Goddard • Neil Armstrong

3. Galileo • Studied the planets with a telescope in the 1600s • His studies led him to believe a theory of Copernicus, that the planets orbit the sun

4. Robert GoddardFather of Modern Rocketry • An American who built the first Rocket • Tested rockets from 1915-1941 • We worked with liquid fuels

5. 1950 Begins the Space Race • Russian and United States go head to head in a race into space • Who will win??? Soviet Union U.S

6. Sputnik 1 • 1st artificial satellite launched October 4, 1957 • It studied the contents of the Earth’s atmosphere

7. What is a Space Probe? Man made probe sent far away from earth to study other parts of our solar system

8. First probes on the Moon • 1959 Soviets launch Luna 1 • Two months later U.S. Launches Pioneer 4 • Luna 9, soviet probe, made first soft landing on moon

9. Galileo Mission • Galileo probe • Reached Jupiter in 1995 • Studied Jupiter’s moons • Two of Jupiter's moons have magnetic fields • Europa might have a ocean of water under icy surface

10. Galilean Moons • Jupiter’s 4 largest moons • Discovered by Galileo in 1600s • Io • Europa • Ganymede • Callisto

11. Humans in space April 12, 1961: Yuri Gagarin (soviet cosmonaut) became first human to orbit the earth

12. Humans in space • 1962, John Glenn becomes the first americanto orbit the earth

13. Man on the Moon???? • July 20, 1969: Apollo 11 landed on the moon • Neil Armstrong, first man on moon • Landing was political • Collected 22 kg of moon rock

14. The space shuttle • Proposed to public by Richard Nixon in 1972 • A vehicle that takes off like a rocket and lands like an airplane

15. International Space Station • Launched on Oct 31, 2000 • Orbits earth • Serves as a space laboratory where over 200 scientists have worked in the past 10 years.

16. Future missions Colony on the Moon??? • By 2024 NASA planned to have a fully functional presence with rotating crews on the moon • This could change with recent cuts Man to Mars?? • Scientists are unsure how radiation in space will affect astronauts as they fly to mars • A future date to travel to mars in unknown

17. A Quick Journey through the Solar System Please fasten your seatbelts and put your trays in the upright position

18. Terrestrial Planets • These planets are like our Earth • They are small, dense, and rocky • There are 4 terrestrial planets • Mercury • Venus • Earth • Mars

19. Mercury • Smallest Planet in the Solar System • Has no moons • Closest to the sun

20. Venus • Earth’s “Sister” planet • About the same size as Earth (a little smaller) • Has no moons • Has a retrograde rotation • When seen from the poles it rotates clockwise

21. Earth • Third rock from the sun • Only planet within our solar system capable of sustaining life • Has one moon “Luna”

22. Mars • 4th planet from the sun • Known as the “Red Planet” • Rust gives mars it’s red color • Has 2 moons • Phobos • Deimos • Olympus Mons • Largest volcano in the solar system

23. Asteroid Belt • Found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter • Composed of Asteroids and Comets • May have been the makings for a new planet but lacked the gravity to pull the pieces together

24. Outer - Gas Planets (Jovian) • The gas planets are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium and generally have low densities, rapid rotation, deep atmospheres, rings and lots of satellites. • Jupiter • Saturn • Uranus • Neptune

25. Jupiter • 5th planet from the sun • Largest Planet in the solar system • Has the most mass of all the planets • 63 known moons • Europa , Io, Callisto, Ganymede • Great Red spot • A hurricane that has been going on for 300 years

26. Saturn • The “ringed” planet • Rings are made of ice particles • 2nd largest planet in the solar system • It is believed the planet is still forming • 46 known moons

27. Uranus • 7th planet away from the sun • 27 moons • Has rings • The rings of Uranus are turned in a vertical direction • The planet is tipped on its side • Possible because of a collision with a massive object

28. Neptune • 8th and farthest planet in the solar system • Has visible clouds on the surface • Also has rings but they are only visible by passing space craft • Voyager 2 • 13 known moons

29. Hey, what happened to Pluto? • Once considered the 9th planet • Taken off the list of planets in 2006 • Did not fit the criteria for a planet • Did not control the area around its orbit • Must have become round due to it’s own gravity • Now considered a dwarf planet along with 40 other objects I’m outta here!!!

30. Why do planets orbit the sun??? • The planets are in MOTION and want to move in a straight line • Gravity from the SUN keeps them in their orbit by changing their motion to an elliptical pattern

31. What exactly is Gravity? • Attraction between two masses • The greater the mass the greater the attraction • Affected by altitude and distance • The further you are from the center of a planet, the less gravity pulls on you.

32. Rotation • Rotation is when a planet spins on it’s axis • This causes Day and Night

33. Revolution • The movement of a planetary body around another planetary body • The earth around the sun • The moon around the earth • Creates a year