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Space Exploration

Space Exploration. S1-4-09 Explain how various technologies have extended our ability to explore and understand space. S1-4-11 Evaluate the impact of space science and technologies in terms of their benefits and risks to humans. KEY WORDS Escape velocity Satellites Geosynchronous GPS

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Space Exploration

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  1. Space Exploration

  2. S1-4-09 Explain how various technologies have extended our ability to explore and understand space. S1-4-11 Evaluate the impact of space science and technologies in terms of their benefits and risks to humans. KEY WORDS Escape velocity Satellites Geosynchronous GPS Probes ISS

  3. Escape velocity –speed a rocket needs to overcome the pull of gravity movinginto space. • Smaller rockets attached to the spacecraft make minor changes in the direction once in space No atmosphere in space – shuttle must carry an oxygen supply for the rocket fuel to combust and burn

  4. Earth Orbit Satellites

  5. Earth orbit satellites exist as two types: 1. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites • (1963) Canada’s first satellite - Alouette 1 • Traveling very fast – so it doesn’t get pulled in • International Space Station, Hubble Telescope LEO objects must move fast enough to orbit Earth every90 minutes or they will lose speed by the pull of gravity and crash

  6. 2. High Earth Orbit (HEO) satellites • Higher so it can travel much slower • With the right speed, can be geosynchronous (Moving with Earth’s rotation – always over the same spot) • (1972) Canada’s 1st geosynchronous - Anik 1 • Used for telecommunications • Global Positioning System (GPS) • 24 satellites at a distance of • 20 000 km above the Earth • not geosynchronous

  7. Space Probes

  8. Space Probes Robotic explorers – lots of advantages for use • Less expensive than manned spacecraft • Farther distances can be explored • No death –don’t need to get them back Probe Names: Voyager Pioneer Cassini Galileo PathfinderLunar prospector Mars Sojourner Rover

  9. Hubble Space Telescope The First Optical Telescope in Space

  10. Images sent to us by the Hubble Space Telescope are from some stars 8 billion light years away Launch:April 24, 1990 from shuttle Discovery Name: Americanastronomer Edwin P. Hubble Dr. Hubble confirmed an "expanding" universe, which provided the foundation for the Big Bang theory Optical CapabilitiesLight capabilities: Ultraviolet, visible and infrared Equipment: 3 cameras, 3 spectroscopes Data Statistics: transmits 120 gigabytes every week

  11. Manned Space Activities

  12. Space Race Facts: • First satellite – Sputnik – Soviet (1957) • First manned spacecraft – Soviet(1961) • First space station – Salyut 1 – Soviet(1971) • Second space station – MIR – Soviet(1986) Russian astronauts are called “cosmonauts” – Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space MIR space station was used until 1998 when it was converted into the much larger: International Space Station (ISS) A cooperative venture of the United States, Europe, Canada, Russia and Japan

  13. Sputnik MIR Yuri Gagarin International Space Station

  14. Apollo 11 • First humans on the moon - July 20, 1969 • Armstrong was first (“one small step…”) • Collected 47.5 pounds of lunar material Neil Armstrong, Michael Collins, Edwin (Buzz) Aldrin

  15. Canada's Involvement In Space

  16. Canadarm • Used on the International Space Station • A robotic arm that allows astronauts in the space • shuttle to move large cargo in space • Not permanently attached • to one spot – it can move • around the Space Station • on tracks

  17. Astronauts and Astronomers: • Chris Hadfield Roberta Bondar • Marc GarneauJulie Payette • Bob Thirsk Dave Williams • Canadian astronauts are usually scientists or “payload specialists” - in charge of satellites and equipment • (1989) Canadian Space Agency

  18. CAN YOU ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS? S1-4-09: What is the purpose of the various objects humans put in space? S1-4-11: What are advantages and disadvantages of using robots in space? KEY WORDS Escape velocity Satellites Geosynchronous GPS Probes ISS

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