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PRESS THE RIGHT-ARROW BUTTON ON YOUR KEYBOARD TO GET STARTED! . . SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table. Notes. Periodic table A chart of all known chemical elements Shows all the different types of atoms Purpose To quickly locate a wide variety of information on a particular element

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  1. PRESS THE RIGHT-ARROW BUTTON ON YOUR KEYBOARD TO GET STARTED!   SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes • Periodic table • A chart of all known chemical elements • Shows all the different types of atoms • Purpose • To quickly locate a wide variety of information on a particular element • How is it organized • Organized into rows called periods • Organized into columns called groups • Arranged in numerical order by the atomic number • Also arranged other ways (metals, nonmetals, metalloids, etc) 1

  2. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes • We use a chart to organize elements called… • Currently scientists believe there are only 98 naturally occurring elements in the universe (Reference link: Chemistry Website • We have also created 20 man-made elements for a total of 118 The Periodic Table 118 Uuo Ununoctium 2

  3. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Periods:The rows are called periods, and there are seven of them Per 1 Per 2 Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 From period 6 From period 7 3

  4. Periods  SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table • The period number tells you the number of electrons shells • Elements in a period have the same number of electron shells 1st Period = 1 Shell 2nd Period = 2 Shells 3rd Period = 3 Shells 4th Period = 4 Shells 4

  5. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes • The period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has Example: Every element in period 2 has 2 electron shells Per 1 Per 2 Period 2 (Each element here has 2 electron shells) Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 5

  6. Notes SPI 0807.9.9 (Per Table) • Period Number and Electron Shells • Below is a model of one boron (Br) atom (atomic number-5) • Notice that it has two electron shells 1st Shell Legend x 5 2nd Shell x 6 =protons =neutrons • Since it has two shells, it is located in • the second period of the periodic table =electrons 6

  7. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Again…the period numbers reveals how many electron shells an atom has Example: Every element in period 3 has 3 electron shells Per 1 Per 2 Period 3 (Each element here has 3 electron shells) Per 3 Per 4 Per 5 Per 6 Per 7 7

  8. Period Number and Electron Shells • Below is a model of one sodium (Na) atom (atomic number-11) • Notice that it has three electron shells 1st Shell Legend 3rd Shell 2nd Shell x 11 =protons x 12 =neutrons • Since it has three shells, it is located in • the third period of the periodic table =electrons 8

  9. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Groups: the columns are called groups • There are 18 groups 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 10 3 4 5 12 6 7 11 8 9 9

  10. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes • The group number (in some cases) can reveal how many electrons are in the outer most shells. These are called the valence electrons Example: Every element in group 1 has only 1 valence electron 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 10 3 4 5 12 6 7 11 8 9 10

  11. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes • The group number can reveal the number of valence electrons Note: However this only works for groups 1 to 2… (see below) …and groups 13 to 18 (see below) 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12 11

  12. For groups 1 to 2: • The group number equals the number of valence electrons • Example: Every element in group two has two valence electrons • For groups 13 to 18: • Subtract 10 from the group number to determine the valence electrons • Example: Every element in group 13 has 3 valence electrons (13-10=3) 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 This "trick" does not work with groups 3 to 12 12

  13. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Groups/Families • Again, columns are called groups • Groups are also called families • Group 1 is called the alkali metal family (see below) Group 1=Alkali Metals 13

  14. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Groups/Families • Group 2 is called the alkali-earth metal family (see below) Group 2=Alkali-Earth Metals 14

  15. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Groups/Families • Groups 3 to 12 are called the transition metals family (see below) Groups 3 to 12=Transition Metals Transition Metals Transition Metals (Lanthanides) Transition Metals (Actinides) 15

  16. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Groups/Families • Group 17 is called the halogen family (see below) Group 17=Halogens 16

  17. SPI 0807.9.9 Periodic Table Notes Groups/Families • Group 18 is called the noble gas family (see below) Group 18=Noble Gases 17

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