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Communications Efficiency

Communications Efficiency. Sandeep K. Singhal, Ph.D Director, Windows Networking Microsoft Corporation. Agenda. Trends in enterprise networking Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 Collaboration with MoD Looking into the future Summary. Trends in Enterprise Networking.

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Communications Efficiency

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  1. Communications Efficiency Sandeep K. Singhal, Ph.D Director, Windows Networking Microsoft Corporation

  2. Agenda • Trends in enterprise networking • Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 • Collaboration with MoD • Looking into the future • Summary

  3. Trends in Enterprise Networking

  4. Trends in Enterprise Networking

  5. Trends in Enterprise Networking

  6. Trends in Enterprise Networking

  7. Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008

  8. Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008:Networking Stack Architecture Winsock User Mode Kernel Mode AFD TDI Clients WSK Clients TDI WSK TDX Next-Generation TCP/IP Stack (tcpip.sys) RAW TCP UDP Windows Filtering Platform IPv4 IPv6 802.3 WLAN Loop-back IPv4 Tunnel 1394 IPv6 Tunnel NDIS

  9. Key Networking Innovations • Network performance • Connectivity • Security • PC health management • Scalability • Enterprise quality of service (eQoS) • Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc collaboration

  10. Key Networking Innovations • Network performance • Connectivity • Security • PC health management • Scalability • Enterprise quality of service (eQoS) • Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc collaboration

  11. The Performance Challenge • Network stack implementations limited by • Static default configurations picked to match most common environments • Protocols designed more than a decade ago • Poor network performance under • High latency (e.g., access to resources across the continent) • High bandwidth (e.g., fiber to the home [FTTH]) • Losses (e.g., WLAN, WWAN, satellite networks) • Network performance is key determinant of performance of most applications

  12. The Receive Window Limitation North America Satellite IntercontinentalFiber

  13. Autotuning Receive Window Problem: Network performance limited on high-latency WAN (such as satellite or FTTH) TCP default receive window limits throughput to 5Mbps on a 100ms (coast to coast) connection Even lower throughput on higher latency like inter-continent or satellite Solution: Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 adjust TCP Receive Window for each connection over time Window scaling (RFC 1323) enabled by default with scale factor of 8 Estimates bandwidth delay product and application read-rate Impact: Applications see faster uploads/downloads SMB file copy between Redmond and Australia improved 10x Backup between Bay area and Tukwila data center improved 40x Benefit varies depending on spare capacity

  14. Application Performance with Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 Throughput (Mbps)

  15. Microsoft.com and Receive Window Auto-Tuning • Replicating data between Redmond and Bay Area • 1 Gbps dedicated connectivity • Default configurations • On Windows Server 2003 SP1: • 100Mbps NICs, 10Mbps throughput • On Windows Vista: • 100Mbps NICs, 80Mbps throughput • 1000Mbps NICs, 400Mbps throughput (memory to memory copy) • File copy from disk to disk limited to 250Mbps due to disk bottleneck 40X

  16. Protocol Limitations: Dealing with High Bandwidth Scenario: Replication between geographically distributed data centers connected by gigabit links TCP protocols cuts down sending rate dramatically on losses and increases sending rate slowly < 1 in 83000 packet loss rate to fully occupy a 1Gbps/100ms link Solution: Compound TCP utilizes loss and delay information to rapidly ramp up sending rate without causing losses Fairness is important: <10% impact on existing TCP connections Enabled by default on Windows Server 2008 (only send side support needed) Impact: Faster data center replication Microsoft.com replication time reduced by half

  17. Sample CTCP Performance • TCP data transfer using Compound-TCP (blue) and vanilla TCP (red) between Bay Area, CA and Tukwila, WA data centers

  18. Protocol Limitations: Dealing with Random Losses Scenario: Wireless networks like GPRS, UMTS, WLAN Losses interpreted by TCP as indication of congestion Link layer recovery exacerbates problem as TCP does recovery at its own layer (spurious retransmissions) Large change in round trip times causes fatal TCP connectivity loss Solution: Detect spurious retransmissions using Forward Retransmission Timeout Recovery (FRTO) and Delayed Selective Acknowledgement (DSACK) mechanisms (IETF based) Avoid unnecessary retransmission and also reduction in sending rate RTT resiliency mechanism Impact: Improved wireless performance 10-30% throughput improvement in GPRS scenarios

  19. Key Networking Innovations • Network performance • Connectivity • Security • PC health management • Scalability • Enterprise quality of service (eQoS) • Peer-to-peer and ad-hoc collaboration

  20. Drivers for IPv6 Seamless Application Development platform End-to-end Authentication Simplified Ad-hoc Network support Scalable Network Connectivity

  21. IPv6:Ready, Realand Required with Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 Ready Enabled by defaultand preferred on Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008 All out-of-box applications, services, and interfaces support IPv6(dual stack or native) IPv6 is beingdeeply integrated across our entire product line Real Usable on existing IPv4 networks Transition technologies (ISATAP, 6to4, Teredo) enable low-cost, automatic IPv6 deployment Required Scenarios such as Windows Meeting Space and Remote Assistance have unique value in IPv6 networks

  22. IPv6 Migration Strategy Baseline Architecture Planning, Training, Testing Infrastructure Migration Application Migration Operations Migration Security Target Architecture

  23. IPv6 Migration Approach Operations Migration Application Migration Infrastructure Migration • Commercial Apps • Line of Business Apps • Network Management • Infrastructure Services • Security • Tunneling • Dual Stack • Native v6 • Action Items: • Host monitoring • Applicationconfiguration • License management • Patch update • Action Items: • Inventory & Assess Impact • Application porting • Application deployment • Proxy for applications that can’t migrate • Action Items: • Upgrade to Windows Vista • Ensure DNS supports IPv6 • Deploy ISATAP server or native addressing

  24. IPv6 Migration:Options and Costs

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