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VOCABULARY : Define the following terms. STOP 1: THE MAYANS

VOCABULARY : Define the following terms. STOP 1: THE MAYANS 1. Monarchy: A system of government in which a king or queen holds power. Title is usually passed on within the same family.

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VOCABULARY : Define the following terms. STOP 1: THE MAYANS

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  1. VOCABULARY: Define the following terms. STOP 1: THE MAYANS 1. Monarchy: A system of government in which a king or queen holds power. Title is usually passed on within the same family. 2. Slave: a person who is the property of another and under their control. Mayan slaves were often prisoners of war. 3. Polytheistic: a religion in which there are more than one god. Mayan gods were connected to nature. 4. Monotheistic: a religion in which there is only one god. There are three monotheistic religions in the world today. STOP 2: THE INCAS 5. Irrigate: The process of channeling water to crops. Irrigation allows farmers to grow more product. STOP 3: THE AZTECS 6. Domesticate: Domesticate means to tame something for human use. The Neolithic revolution began when people started domesticating plants and animals. 7. Nuclear family: A family that is made up of the mother, father, and children. Most families in America today are nuclear families. 8. Extended family: A family that is made up of the nuclear family and other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.A number of related extended families working together is a clan.

  2. EARLY CIVILIZATIONS OF THE AMERICAS DIRECTIONS: Fill in the chart below for the 3 early American civilizations.

  3. CRQ #1: COMPARISON OF AZTEC AND MAYAN CULTURES DIRECTIONS: Study the diagram and then answer the questions. CRQ #2: AZTEC SOCIETY DIRECTIONS: Study the diagram and then answer the questions. 12

  4. CRQ #3: AZTEC HUMAN SACRIFICES DIRECTIONS: Study the picture and then answer the questions. CRQ #4: SPANISH CONQUERING THE AZTECS DIRECTIONS: Study the picture and then answer the questions.

  5. CRQ #5: INDIAN POPULATION OF CENTRAL AMERICA DIRECTIONS: The line graph below shows the population of Native Americans in Central America between 1500 and 1620. Study the graph and then answer the questions. 1. What was the population of Native Americans in Central America around the year 1515? There were approximately 25 million Native Americans in Central America around the year 1515. 2. What was the population of Native Americans in Central America around the year 1605? Around 1605 the Native American population in Central America was less then 2 million people. 3. (a) Did the population of Native Americans in Central America increase or decrease during this time period? (b) By how many people did the population increase or decrease? (a) Between 1515 and 1605 the Native American population of Central America decreased. (b) From 1515 to 1605 the Native American population of Central America decreased by approximately 24 million people. 4. Using this graph and your knowledge of social studies, explain why the population of Native Americans changed so dramatically between 1500 and 1620. A number of factors may have contributed to the population change shown by this graph. Frequent conflict between the Spanish conquistadors and the Native Americans of Central America is one possibility. Most experts agree that European diseases such as smallpox were responsible killing off a significant portion of the native populations.

  6. CRQ #6: ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIG: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS DIRECTIONS: Read the information below, study the diagram showing an archaeological dig site, and then answer the questions. Archaeologists are scientists who study artifacts left behind by earlier people in order to learn how they lived. Archaeologists search for artifacts by digging in areas where they suspect earlier people once lived. The following items were found in three different levels of a Native American archaeological dig site by archaeologists. • 1. At which level of the dig site would archaeologists expect to find the most recent (newest) objects? The newest object would be found at the top most level, level 1. • At which level of the dig site would archaeologists expect to find the oldest objects? The oldest objects would be deepest, level 3 • Based on the objects found in level 3, how did Native Americans live during this time period? At level 3 we find a spearhead and sharpened flint making it appear that these Native Americans are primarily hunters • 4. Based on the objects found in level 2, how did Native Americans live during this time period? A level 2 we begin to find pottery and corn kernels suggesting that these Native Americans have begun farming as part of their lifestyle. • 5. Based on the objects found in level 1, how did Native Americans live during this time period? At level 1 the Native Americans are using tools manufactured by Europeans such as the iron cooking pot showing us that they are in contact with Europeans and adopting some European ways of life (cultural diffusion).

  7. THE CONQUISTADORS SEARCH FOR GOLD by an Aztec Eyewitness, 1550’s In the early 1500’s Spanish conquerors, known as conquistadors, explored both North and South America. One of these conquistadors was 34-year-old Hernando Cortes. Like Christopher Columbus, Cortes hoped to find gold and other riches. In 1519 Cortes and about 500 Spanish soldiers marched through present-day Mexico and conquered one of the largest empires in the world, the Aztec Empire. In the 1550’s an historian interviewed an Aztec eyewitness who had seen the Spanish conquest. This witness described how Cortes and his men acted when they seized the fabulous treasures of the empire’s capital city, Tenochtitlan. STOP 1 When the Spaniards were installed in the palace, they asked Montezuma, the emperor, about the city's resources and reserves and about the warriors' ensigns and shields. They questioned him closely and then demanded gold. Montezuma guided them to it. They surrounded him and crowded close with their weapons. He walked in the center, while they formed a circle around him. STOP 2 installed: settled Montezuma: Aztec emperor reserves: valuables ensigns: flags When they arrived at the treasure house ... the riches of gold and feathers were brought out to them: ornaments made of quetzal feathers, richly worked shields, disks of gold, the necklaces of the idols, ... gold greaves and bracelets and crowns .... The Spaniards burst into smiles; and their eyes shone with pleasure; they were delighted by them. They picked up the gold and fingered it like monkeys; they seemed to be transported by joy, as if their hearts were illumined and made new. STOP 3 quetzal: kind of bird idols: statues of gods greaves: leg armor transported: carried away illumined: lit up The truth is that they longed and lusted for gold. Their bodies swelled with greed, and their hunger was ravenous; they hungered like pigs for that gold. They snatched at the golden ensigns, waved them from side to side and examined every inch of them .... The Spaniards immediately stripped the feathers from the gold shields and ensigns. They gathered all the gold into a great mound and set fire to everything else, regardless of its value. Then they melted down the gold into ingots. As for the precious green stones, they took only the best of them .... STOP 4 lusted: wanted strongly ravenous: intense ingots: bars

  8. Next they went to Montezuma's storehouse ... where his personal treasures were kept. The Spaniards grinned like little beasts and patted each other with delight. When they entered the hall of treasures, it was as if they had arrived in Paradise. They searched everywhere and coveted everything; they were slaves to their own greed. All of Montezuma's possessions were brought out: fine bracelets, necklaces with large stones, ankle rings with little gold bells, the royal crowns and all the royal finery, everything that belonged to the king and was reserved to him only. They seized these treasures as if they were their own, as if this plunder were merely a stroke of good luck. And when they had taken all the gold, they heaped up everything else in the middle of the patio. STOP 5 Paradise: heaven coveted: wanted finery: jewels and fancy clothing plunder: stealing patio: courtyard DIRECTIONS: Answer the questions below as you read the above article. STOP 1: Define the following term: Conquistador: This is a term used to describe the Spanish conquerors of the early 1500s STOP 1: What did the conquistadors hope to find in the America’s? The conquistadors were in search of gold and other riches. STOP 1: How many men did Cortes have with him when he conquered the Aztec Empire? 500 STOP 2: Who was Montezuma? Montezuma was the Aztec Emperor when Cortez arrived in Tenochtitlan. STOP 2: Why did Montezuma lead the Spanish to the Aztec gold? The Spanish intimidated him using their weapons and demanded he take them to it. STOP 3: In this section, who does the eyewitness compare the conquistadors to? The conquistadors are compared to monkeys. STOP 4: In this section, who does the eyewitness compare the conquistadors to? The conquistadors are compared to pigs

  9. STOP 5: In this section, who does the eyewitness compare the conquistadors to? The conquistadors are described as little beasts. STOP 5: Why do you suppose the eyewitness chose to make this comparison between the conquistadors and the animals? It is obvious this eyewitness did not like the conquistadors and wants to portray them as less then human. STOP 5: How did the Spaniards react when they saw the gold? The conquistadors were delighted at finding such an enormous treasure. STOP 5: What types of “treasure” did the conquistadors find in the hall of treasure? The conquistadors discovered fine bracelets, necklaces with large stones, ankle rings with little gold bells, the royal crowns and all the royal finery

  10. MAP EXERCISE: GREAT EMPIRES OF THE AMERICAS DIRECTIONS: Use maps to complete the following map exercise. 1. Locate the following geographic features on the map and write the name next to the feature. -Caribbean Sea -North America -Pacific Ocean -Andes Mountains -South America -Atlantic Ocean -Cuba -Central America -Hispaniola 2. Locate the following early American empires and shade in their locations using different colored pencils. Place this information in the key. -Aztec Empire -Maya Empire -Inca Empire 3. Create a key in the blank box on the map showing the necessary information. 19

  11. READING ACTIVITY: BERNAL DIAZ: THE TRUE HISTORY OF THE CONQUEST OF NEW SPAIN DIRECTIONS: Read the selection on the Spanish in the New World and then answer the questions that follow. Bernal Diaz del Castillo (1492-1581) accompanied Hernan Cortes on his conquest of the Aztecs in present-day Mexico. Diaz wrote his history many years later to refute what he viewed as inaccurate accounts of the conquest. The following excerpt describes a meeting between Cortes and Moctezuma, the Aztec King, in the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan. 1. The scene described in this excerpt is of: a. a view of Tenochtitlan’s market and surroundings from the top of a tall temple c. a view of Tenochtitlan’s temple from the market place b. an indoor temple with many statues d. a view of the markets in Rome 2. Which of the following best describes the author’s view of the Aztecs? a. generous and busy c. loving and kind b. evil and prosperous d. athletic and loud 3. Which words and phrases in the excerpt above reveal the author’s opinion of the Aztec’s religion? Diaz describes the poor Indians who had been sacrificed, an image of a dragon and other evil figures, and the priests dedicated to the worship of cursed idols.

  12. EARLY AMERICAN CIVILIZATIONS TEST REVIEW SHEET: DIRECTIONS: Complete the following review sheet to help prepare for the unit test. PART 1: VOCABULARY: Write out the definitions for the following terms. 1. SLAVE: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. DOMESTICATE: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. IRRIGATE: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. NUCLEAR FAMILY : ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. EXTENDED FAMILY: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. POLYTHEISTIC: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. MONOTHEISTIC: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. MONARCHY: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. NOMAD: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. CIVILIZATION: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. CULTURE: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. TRIBE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. HIEROGLYPHICS: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ PART 2: MULTIPLE CHOICE: Answer the following questions to help understand the ideas and concepts covered in this unit. 1. What were the native people of the Americas known as? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What type of government was used by the Mayans, Incans, and Aztecs? ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Which civilization built a complex system of roads and bridges to link their empire? ______________________________________________________________________ 4. Which of the American civilizations was the oldest civilization? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Which civilization developed a system of numbers including the concept of zero? ________________________________________________________________________

  13. 6. Where did the Incans and Aztecs live? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • 7. What type of religion did the early American civilizations have? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ • 8. List several of the achievements/accomplishments of the Aztecs. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • 9. Why did the Aztecs fight so many battles with other groups of Native Americans? _______________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • 10. What was the title given to the person who ruled the Aztecs? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • 11. Which of the early American civilizations built their capital on an island in a lake? ______________________________________________________________________________________ • 12. Why did the Aztecs use human sacrifices? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ • For MULTIPLE CHOICE questions 19-25 on the test, you need to study and understand CRQ’s 2 and 5 on pages 7 and 9 of this packet. • For the SHORT ANSWER questions on the test, you need to study CRQ;’s 1, 3, and 4 on pages 7-8 of this packet.

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