GENDER AND DIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING IN EMERGENCIES

1. GENDER AND DIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING IN EMERGENCIES Presenter: Nguyen Thi Nhat Hoai French Red Cross in Vietnam

2. What do we hear about gender and diversity? Is it really difficult to do gender and diversity mainstreaming? COMMON CHALLENGES • Too busy • No resources • Not a priority • I do not know how to do it • It is for someone else to do

3. CONTENT • Definitions of Gender Equality and Gender and Diversity Integration • Why should Gender and Diversity be mainstreamed in emergencies? • Methods to mainstream Gender and Diversity in Emergency

4. GENDER EQUALITY

5. Gender Equality Gender equality is not: • Roles switching, women taking men’s roles or vice versa • Equal quantity or percentage 50/50

6. Gender Equality Gender equality indicates that man and woman have equal position and role; are given equal conditions and opportunities to develop their capacities for the development of the community, family and equally enjoythe achievement of that development. (Law on Gender Equality, Article 5)

7. Gender Equality • Create equal opportunities for males and females when they are children • Assist women in overcoming gaps and disadvantages resulted from biological factors and traditional ideas about women’s roles in life • To equally enjoy the achievement of development • Gender equality does not mean the same treatment for men and women in all fields • Men and women have different starting points, therefore, in order to have equality, there should be different approaches

9. Equality or levelling?

10. 2. Why should Gender and Diversity be mainstreamed in emergencies?

11. In emergency, women, girls and boys are 14 times more likely to die than men. (Peterson, 2007). • 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami (230,000 dead/missing) +80% of the dead were women • 2011, Japan earthquake (~ 18,000 dead/missing) 65% over 65 yo • 2008, Cyclone Nargis (140,000 dead/missing)61% of the dead were women and children NO GENDER EQUALITY IN EMERGENCY!!!

12. 1991 Bangladesh cyclone: ~140,000 dead, 90% of whom were women (Ikeda, 1995).(Drowning) • 2003 European heat wave: ~35,000 dead, the majority of whom were female old people (Pirard et al., 2005). • Hurricane Katrina in United States: ~1,800 dead, ½ of whom were old people, the majority of casualties in New Orleans were African-American women. (Gault et al., 2005; Williams et al., 2006). • Kenya: carrying water home consumed 85% of women’s daily energy. During droughts, it often took women 8 hours/day to get water (Duncan, 2007)

13. Causes Health status, illness risks. Socio economic status: education, livelihood • Roles and works in family and society • Surviving skills in emergency (swimming, climbing)

14. 3. Methods to Mainstream Gender and Diversity in Emergencies

15. GENDER AND DIVERSITY MAINSTREAM Gender Diversity Diversity Diversity Gender Gender

16. Notes

17. GENDER AND DIVERSITY MAINSTREAMING PRINCIPLES • Disaggregated data by sex, age, etc. • Specific needs and capacity of groups. • Participation and benefits of different groups (%)

18. Sex- and age-disaggregated data

19. Needs and Capacity Assessment Who are affected? Why? How? -> What are their different needs and priorities? -> What are their capacity? How can they contribute?

20. Methods to Promote Participation The constraints or barriers (language, time, location, habit, etc.) faced by each group are identified  Solutions Promote coordination with mass associations of women’s and old people such as Women’s Union, Farmer’s Union, Elder People’s Union, etc. Specific techniques to ensure Gender and Diversity sensitivity. E.g. assigning tasks for women, male and female grouping for discussion, etc. …..

22. Improve participation quality Participation criteria (quantity, percentage) Involvement level (low -> high) Participation sector (traditional or non-traditional Participation quality (speaking out, skills, capacity…)

25. Thank you!