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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table. The Periodic Law. The Periodic Table. Discovering the Elements Video: Introduction to Elements Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements Henry Mosley’s Periodic Table of Elements. Dmitri Mendeleev . The Periodic Table.

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The Periodic Table

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  1. The Periodic Table The Periodic Law

  2. The Periodic Table • Discovering the Elements Video: • Introduction to Elements • Dmitri Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements • Henry Mosley’s Periodic Table of Elements

  3. Dmitri Mendeleev

  4. The Periodic Table • Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev taught chemistry in terms of properties. • Wrote down the elements in order of increasing mass. • Found a pattern of repeating properties. • Mendeleev created a periodic table by grouping elements in columns by similar properties in order of increasing atomic mass.

  5. Moseley – changed the order to atomic number • Also found some gaps. • Must be undiscovered elements. • Predicted their properties before they were found.

  6. Modern Russian Periodic Table Modern Russian Table

  7. Chinese Periodic Table Chinese Periodic Table

  8. Stowe Periodic Table

  9. A Spiral Periodic Table

  10. Triangular Periodic Table Triangular Periodic Table

  11. “Mayan”Periodic Table

  12. Periodic Table with Group Names Periodic Table with Group Names

  13. The Modern Periodic Table • Elements are still grouped by properties. • In order of increasing atomic number. • Added a column of elements Mendeleev did not know about.

  14. Horizontal rows are called periods. • There are 7 periods.

  15. Vertical columns called groups. • Elements are placed in columns by similar properties. • Also called families.

  16. Elemental Information on the Periodic Table • Elements of Chemistry Video: • Elements and Isotopes • Ions

  17. Reviewing the Structure of the Atom • every atom consists of two regions: • 1) nucleus = very small region located near the centre of the atom. • contains at least 1positively charge particle called a proton and usually 1+ neutral particles called neutrons. • 2) The area surrounding the nucleus is occupied by negatively charged particles called electrons. • This region is large (compared to the nucleus).

  18. Elemental Information on the Periodic Table A X Z X = element symbol A = mass number Z = atomic number Atomic number (Z) = # of protons = # electrons Mass number (A) = # of protons + # of neutrons

  19. Isotopes • The number of neutrons can vary in the same element. • This affects the weight of an atom, but does very little to chemical and physical properties. • Anisotope is the same element with a different number of neutrons in the nucleus.

  20. Ions • Now, if there is a change in the electrons, the atom becomes an ion. • Gaining electrons produces an anion (negative ion) • Losing electrons produces a cation • (positive ion) • Charge symbols- if an element has a charge the element will have either a positive or negative # on the upper right-hand corner. Ie. Al3- & Ca2+

  21. Metals, Metalloids, and Non-Metals

  22. Metals vs. Non-Metals • Discovering the Elements Video: • Metals and Non-Metals

  23. Properties of Metals • Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity • Metals are malleable • Metals are ductile • Metals have high tensile strength • Metals have luster Metal Artwork of Regina, Sask.

  24. Examples of Metals Potassium, K reacts with water and must be stored in kerosene Copper, Cu, is a relatively soft metal, and a very good electrical conductor. Zinc, Zn, is more stable than potassium Mercury, Hg, is the only metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature

  25. Propertiesof Nonmetals Carbon, the graphite in“pencil lead” is a great example of a nonmetallic element. • Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. • Nonmetals tend to be brittle. • Many nonmetals are gases at room temperature.

  26. Examples of Nonmetals Microspheres of phosphorus, P, a reactive nonmetal Sulfur, S, was once known as “brimstone” Graphite is not the only pure form of carbon, C. Diamond is also carbon; the color comes from impurities caught within the crystal structure

  27. Properties of Metalloids • Metalloids straddle the border between metals and nonmetals on the periodic table. • They have properties of both metals and nonmetals. • Metalloids are more brittle than metals, less brittle than most nonmetallic solids • Metalloids are semiconductors of electricity. • Some metalloids possess metallic luster.

  28. Silicon, Si – A Metalloid • Silicon has metallic luster • Silicon is brittle like a nonmetal • Silicon is a semiconductor of electricity Other metalloids include: • Boron, B • Germanium, Ge • Arsenic, As • Antimony, Sb • Tellurium, Te

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