Cells and Cell Processes Review

1. Cells and Cell Processes Review

2. Give the cell organelle that performs each function. • Transport materials throughout the cell • Protein production • Stores materials. • Regulates what enters and leaves the cell • 5. Produces energy endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes vauoles cell membrane mitochondria

3. 6. Controls all cell activities 7. Holds cell organelles 8. Site of photosynthesis 9. Used in cell division 10. Gives plant cell shape and support nucleus cytoplasm chloroplasts centrioles cell wall

4. Identify all the organelles labeled and give the function of each. Nucleus: controls all cell activities Vacuole: stores materials Ribosome: produces proteins Mitochondria: produces energy Cell membrane: controls what enters and leaves the cell

5. What type of cell is represented? • What is structure B? What is the function of this structure? • What is the function of structure C? • Explain how structure A maintains homeostasis within the cell? Animal cell Nucleus – controls all cell activities Stores materials It controls what enters and exits the cell.

6. Identify the structures labeled and the function of each. 1- nucleus: controls all cell activities 2 – nucleolus: produces ribosomes 3 – cell membrane: controls what enters and exits the cell 4 – cytoplasm: holds cell organelles 5 – cell wall: keeps plant cells RIGID and supports plant cell 6 – vacuole: stores materials 7 - chloroplast: site of photosynthesis

7. The structures inside a cell that perform life activities are called • organs • systems • organelles • cells

8. One difference between plant and animal cells is that animal cells do not have • a nucleus • chloroplasts • a cell membrane • centrioles

9. Which structure permits the entry and exit of materials in an animal cell? (1.) lysosome (2.) chromosome (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane

10. Which is found in the nucleus? (1.) ribosome (2.) vacuole (3.) lysosome  (4.) chromosome

11. The rigidity (support) of a plant cell is due primarily to the presence of the • chloroplasts • (2) centrosomes • (3) cell membrane • (4) cell wall

12. Whitney observes a cell under the microscope. She identifies it as a green plant cell and not a cheek cell because of a (1.) nucleus (2.) cell membrane (3.) chloroplast (4.) mitochondrion

13. While viewing a slide of rapidly moving sperm cells, a student concludes that these cells require a large amount of energy to maintain their activity. The organelles that most directly provide this energy are known as (1) vacuoles (2) chloroplasts (3) ribosomes (4) mitochondria

14. Which structure is found ONLY in animal cells? (1.) cell wall (2.) vacuoles (3.) centrioles (4.) chloroplasts

15. The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins within the cell is the (1.) ribosome (2.) nucleolus (3.) cell wall (4.) cell membrane

16. The cell wall is (1.) selectively permeable (2.) rigid (3.) living (4.) a hardened cell membrane

17. Which structure chiefly functions in intracellular transport? (1.) vacuole (2.) mitochondrion (3.) golgi apparatus (4.) endoplasmic reticulum

18. What is this structure called? • What is the function of this organelle? • In what kind of cells would you find this organelle? • Identify the type of respiration that occurs in this organelle. mitochondria Produces energy (ATP) Both animal and plant cells Aerobic respiration

19. Which sequence of terms is in the correct order from simplest to most complex?(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ systems(2) tissues, organisms, cells, organ systems(3) cells, tissues, organ systems, organs(4) organs, organisms, organ systems, cells

20. The breakdown of organic compounds to produce ATP is known as • cellular respiration • transpiration          • active transport                     • photosynthesis

21. YES NO NO glucose oxygen glucose glucose (Raw materials) CO2, H2O, ATP Lactic acid, ATP Alcohol, CO2, ATP Mitochondria Cytoplasm Cytoplasm 36 2 2

22. An important molecule generated (produced) by both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation is • ATP     • (2) CO2 • (3) CO2 • (4) H2O

23. Aerobic respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6 H2O + X • Identify the process represented above. 2. Identify the raw materials. 3. Where does this process occur? 4. Identify the waste products. 5. Identify molecule X. 6. Describe the importance of this process. glucose and oxygen Mitochondria carbon dioxide and water Energy or ATP It provides energy that is needed for all cell activities.

24. Lactic acid fermentation C6H12O6 lactic acid + energy • Identify the process represented above. 2. Identify the raw materials. 3. Where does this process occur? 4. Identify the waste products. 5. How many ATP are produced? 6. Identify the two types of cells this process occurs in. 6. Describe the importance of this process. glucose Cytoplasm Lactic acid 2 muscle cells and bacteria It provides energy that is needed for all cell activities.

25. Alcoholic fermentation C6H12O6 alcohol + CO2 + energy • Identify the process represented above. 2. Identify the raw materials. 3. Where does this process occur? 4. Identify the waste products. 5. How many ATP are produced? 6. Identify the type of cells this process occurs in. 6. Describe the importance of this process. glucose Cytoplasm alcohol and CO2 2 yeast It provides energy that is needed for all cell activities.

26. Aerobic respiration and fermentation are similar in that both processes (1.) require oxygen (2.) utilize light energy (3.) release energy (4.) produce carbohydrates

27. When muscles are exercised extensively in the absence of sufficient oxygen, lactic acid is produced                  a large amount of ATP is formed NADH molecules split              oxidative respiration occurs

28. Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the process of • lactic acid fermentation                   • alcoholic fermentation • aerobic respiration                     • glycolysis

29. In the presence of oxygen, _____ molecules of ATP can be formed. • 2       (2) 19         • (3) 36          (4) 63

30. An end product of alcoholic fermentation is • glucose         • (2) oxygen        • (3) carbon dioxide       • (4) lactic acid

31. In the presence of oxygen, _____ molecules of ATP can be formed. (1.)2       (2.) 19         (3.) 36           (4.) 63

32. Which process yields lactic acid and small amounts of usable energy? (1.) photosynthesis (2.) aerobic respiration (3.) anaerobic respiration (4.) chemosynthesis

33. The net yield of ATP from the process of fermentation is (1.) 2 (2.) 4 (3.) 34 (4.) 36

34. Muscles cells engaged in vigorous activity build up relatively high concentrations of (1.) lactic acid (2.) pyruvic acid (3.) alcohol (4.) oxygen

35. Where do the final stages of aerobic respirationappear to take place? (1.) along the endoplasmic reticulum (2.) in the cytoplasm (3.) on the surface of ribosomes (4.) within the mitochondria

36. Aerobic respiration and fermentation are similar in that BOTH processes (1.) require oxygen (2.) use light energy (3.) release energy (4.) produce glucose

37. During aerobic respiration, the chemical energy of a glucose molecule is gradually released, producing 36 ATP and (1.) NH3 and O2 (2.) NH3 and CO2 (3.) H2O and O2 (4.) H20 and CO2

38. The life function of transport in an organism directly involves those activities used to: • absorb and distribute materials • obtain and break down materials • release energy from food • produce cellular waste products

39. What type of transport does this picture represent? Explain your answer. Active transport Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration.

40. The movement of materials from higher to lower concentration is called  (1.) diffusion  (2.) active transport  (3.) pinocytosis (4.) phagocytosis

41. The movement of materials from lower to higher concentrationrequiring energy is called  (1.) movement (2.) diffusion  (3.) active transport (4.) cell division

42. Diffusion is a term for the movement of molecules from (1) an area of low concentration to a high concentration         (2) an adjacent area to a gradient area (3) an area of high concentration to a low concentration          (4) a nucleus to the mitochondria

43. The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is known as    • active transport • osmosis • phagocytosis • pinocytosis

44. Which process requires cellular energy? • diffusion 2. passive transport 3. active transport 4. osmosis

45. Damage to which structure will most directly disrupt water balance within a single-celled organism? • ribosome 2. cell membrane 3. nucleus 4. chloroplast

46. Sodium ions are pumped from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration in the nerve cells of humans. This process is an example of • diffusion 2. osmosis 3. passive transport 4. active transport

47. The movement of materials from lower to higher concentration requiring energy in the form of ATP is called • movement 2. diffusion  • active transport 4. cell division

48. Weeee!!! high low Explain why this diagram represents passive transport. The person riding down the hill from the high point to the low point compares to passive transport where materials move from a high concentration to a low concentration.

49. LOW HIGH + energy • Identify the high and low concentration. • Identify the type of transport occurring. Support your answer. • Active transport • Substance is moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration. • Energy is being used.

50. Identify the type of transport represented in diagrams A and B. Support your answer. B A Active transport because materials are moving from a LOW to HIGH concentration and ENERGY is used. Passive transport because materials are moving from a HIGH to LOW concentration.