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LE CURE PER L INFERTILITA : RISCHI E BENEFICI tutto quello che avreste voluto sapere e non avete mai osato chiedere

PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA. Obiettivo primario dei cicli di PMA: ottenere gravidanza trasferendo I passaggi della fecondazione, poich

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LE CURE PER L INFERTILITA : RISCHI E BENEFICI tutto quello che avreste voluto sapere e non avete mai osato chiedere

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    1. LE CURE PER L’INFERTILITA’: RISCHI E BENEFICI …tutto quello che avreste voluto sapere e non avete mai osato chiedere… PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA: VANTAGGI E SVANTAGGI Dr.ssa Alessandra Vucetich TECNOLAB s.r.l. -www.tecnolabonline.com- PROVINCIA DI MILANO ASS. SOSINFERTILITA’

    2. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA Obiettivo primario dei cicli di PMA: ottenere gravidanza trasferendo I passaggi della fecondazione, poichè impossibili/improbabili in vivo, in laboratorio Louise Brown: Steptoe and Edwards, 1978 Scarsa efficacia della procedura per ciclo di ovulazione naturale, causa la scarsa efficienza riproduttiva nella specie umana (12 – 15% di gravidanza per ciclo fertile) Bilanciamento costi / benefici mediante iperstimolazione ovarica: fertilizzazione quindi di più ovociti, trasferimento di puù embrioni contemporaneamente (legge 40/2004: 3 ovociti per utilizzo immediato, congelamento di ovociti sovrannumerari):pregnancy rate: 25 – 40%

    3. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA svantaggi iperstimolazione ovarica: distorsione nei processi di maturazione endometriale aumento di numero di ovociti aneuploidi sindrome da ipeerstimolazione ovarica gemellarità, multifetalità patologie correlate ad iperestrogenismo (rischio trombotico/oncologico) costi assistenziali elevati poichè si è assistito ad un elevato innalzamento degli standard di qualità dei laboratori di PMA negli ultimi dieci anni, diventa oggi proponibile anche un percorso alternativo di PMA, senza stimolazione ovarica

    4. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA: VANTAGGI TRASFERIMENTO DI EMBRIONE SINGOLO RIFIUTO DI GEMELLARITA’ RICERCA DI SECONDO FIGLIO PAZIENTE CON PATOLOGIA ONCOLOGICA ( es. CA MAMMARIO) RIDUZIONE DEI COSTI ECONOMICI SCARSA RISPOSTA OVARICA LOW RESPONDER ETA’ > 40 ANNI RIFIUTO DI OVODONAZIONE

    5. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA: SVANTAGGI FREQUENTE CANCELLAZIONE DEL CICLO PER AVVENUTA OVULAZIONE FREQUENTE CANCELLAZIONE DEL CICLO PER MANCATO RITROVAMENTO DELL’OVOCITA FREQUENTE MANCATA FERTILIZZAZIONE DELL’OVOCITA MONITORAGGIO SERRATO (!) ELEVATA DISPONIBILITA’ (DEL CENTRO) PER I TEMPI DI PICK UP OVOCITARIO NECESSITA’ DI RIPETERE MOLTE VOLTE LA PROCEDURA

    6. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA: PREGNANCY RATE - PER EMBRIOTRANSFER: 20 % - PER PICK-UP: 12%

    7. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA: -MONITORAGGIO ECOGRAFICO DAL 6° - 7° GIORNO DEL CICLO -ANTAGONISTA DAL GIORNO IN CUI FOLLICOLO > 15 MM -INDUZIONE DELL’OVULAZIONE 35–36 ORE PRIMA DEL PICK - UP -SCARSA POSSIBILITA’ DI CONTROLLARE IL GIORNO DEL PICK-UP -PROBABILITA’ ELEVATA DI NON RECUPERARE L’OVOCITA

    8. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA: MINIMAL STIMULATION MINIMA DOSE DI FARMACO DAL 5° GIORNO DEL CICLO AGGIUNTA DI ANTAGONISTA NEI GIORNI SUCCESSIVI (DA FOLLICOLO > 15 MM) POSSIBILE RECUPERO DI DUE – TRE OVOCITI MINIMO DISCOMFORT PER LA PAZIENTE MANTENUTA LA RIDUZIONE DEI COSTI N.B.: DAL 5° GIORNO PER EVITARE IL RISCHIO DI SINDROME DA IPERSTIMOLAZIONE OVARICA, IN CASO DI PAZIENTE CON OVAIO POLICISTICO

    9. A controlled trial of natural cycle versus microdose gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog flare cycles in poor responders undergoing in vitro fertilization. Morgia F, Sbracia M, Schimberni M, Giallonardo A, Piscitelli C,Giannini P, Aragona C. Fertil Steril, 2004 Jun, 81 (6):1542-7 OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of natural-cycle IVF compared with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation in poor responders. DESIGN: Randomized, controlled study. SETTING: Private center for assisted reproduction. PATIENT(S): One hundred twenty-nine women who were poor responders in a previous IVF cycle. INTERVENTION(S): Fifty-nine women underwent 114 attempts of natural-cycle IVF, and 70 women underwent 101 attempts of IVF with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with microdose GnRH analog flare. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Number of oocytes retrieved, pregnancy rate (PR) per cycle, PR per transfer, and implantation rate. RESULT(S): The poor responders treated with natural-cycle IVF and those treated with micro-GnRH analog flare showed similar PRs per cycle and per transfer. The women treated with natural-cycle IVF showed a statistically significant higher implantation rate (14.9%) compared with controls (5.5%). When subdivided into three groups according to age (<or=35 years, >or=36-39 years, >or=40 years), younger patients had a better PR than the other two groups. CONCLUSION(S): In poor responders, natural-cycle IVF is at least as effective as controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, especially in younger patients, with a better implantation rate.

    10. Natural cycle with minimal stimulation in poor responder patients:cost-effectiveness analysis F.Ubaldi et al 20th Annual Meeting ESHRE, Berlin, 2004 In poor responder patients with previous failed ICSI attempts, natural cycle with minimal stimulation may be considered an effective approach. Assuming that pregnancy rate remains stable over four sequential attempts, the probability of conceiving with the same amount of money spent would be approximately 40% for natural cycles (theoretical cumulative pregnancy rate for four attempts) as compared with 8% for conventional IVF cycles (for attempt)

    11. Modified natural cycle for IVF does not offer a realistic chance of parenthood in poor responders with high day 3 FSH levels, as a last resort prior to oocyte donation. Kolibianakis E, Zikopoulos K, Camus M, Tournave H, Van Steirteghem A, Devroev P.. Hum Reprod 2004 Nov, 19 (11):2545-9 BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the modified natural cycle (MNC) for IVF in poor responders as a last resort prior to oocyte donation. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with a regular menstrual cycle, FSH levels on day 3 of the cycle >12 IU/l and one or more failed IVF cycles with five or fewer cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) retrieved were included in this prospective study. Recombinant FSH 100 IU and GnRH antagonist 0.25 mg/day were started concomitantly when a follicle with a mean diameter of 14 mm was present at ultrasound. HCG 10 000 IU was administered as soon as the mean follicular diameter was > or =16 mm. RESULTS: Twenty-five out of 78 cycles performed (32.1%) did not result in oocyte retrieval. In nine out of 53 cycles (16.9%) in which oocyte retrieval was performed, no COCs were retrieved. Following fertilization, embryo transfer was performed in 19 out of 44 cycles in which COCs were retrieved (43.2%). No ongoing pregnancy was achieved in 78 MNCs (0.0%; 95% confidence interval 0.0-4.7). CONCLUSIONS: MNC does not offer a realistic chance of parenthood in patients with high levels of FSH on day 3 of the cycle and previous poor response to ovarian stimulation, when offered as a last resort prior to oocyte donation.

    12. Natural in vitro fertilization cycles. Ubaldi F, Rienzi L, Ferrero S, Baroni E, Iacobelli M, Sapienza F, Minasi MG, Cobellis L, Romano S, Scarselli F, Greco E. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Dec;1034:245-51 Although the first in vitro fertilization (IVF) baby was born after a natural IVF cycle, very soon this procedure was almost abandoned mainly because of the very high cancellation rates, and controlled pharmacological ovarian hyperstimulation became the standard treatment in IVF cycles of normoresponder patients. However, in poor-responder patients, where only very few follicles can be recruited and very few oocytes, if any, can be retrieved after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, natural IVF cycles may offer a comparable number of follicles, reduced costs, and less discomfort for the patients. In this group of patients, natural IVF cycle is a cost-effective approach

    13. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA INDICATA PER: DONNA GIOVANE LOW RESPONDER FATTORE MASCHILE GRAVE NON INDICATA PER LOW RESPONDER > 40 ANNI

    14. PMA SENZA STIMOLAZIONE OVARICA CONCLUSIONE PMA CON MINIMAL STIMULATION NON E’ LA PRIMA OPZIONE QUANDO SI CONSIDERA UN PROGRAMMA DI FECONDAZIONE IN VITRO, MA PUO’ (DEVE?) ESSERE CONSIDERATA COME POSSIBILE ALTERNATIVA DOPO DUE FALLIMENTI DI IPERSTIMOLAZIONE OVARICA UTILIZZANDO I PROTOCOLLI DI STIMOLAZIONE STANDARD ALTERNATIVA DA CONSIDERARE RISPETTO AI CICLI DI INSEMINAZIONE INTRAUTERINA?

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