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The Cell

The Cell. And Its Organelles. The Cell. The basic unit of structure and function in living things. What are Prokaryotes?. Organism made of one cell. Characteristics No nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Circular DNA A cell wall. Bacteria is the most common Prokaryote.

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell And Its Organelles

  2. The Cell • The basic unit of structure and function in living things

  3. What are Prokaryotes? • Organism made of one cell. • Characteristics • No nucleus • No membrane-bound organelles • Circular DNA • A cell wall

  4. Bacteria is the most common Prokaryote. • Bacteria are the smallest known cells. • Bacteria live almost everywhere.

  5. What are Eukaryotes? Characteristics • Have a nucleus that holds DNA. • Have membrane-bound organelles. • 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells. • Can have one cell or many cells. • Multi cellular organisms include plants and animals.

  6. PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

  7. Organelles • The tiny structures in the cell that carry out the specific functions in the cell

  8. Outer layer A stiff wall that surrounds the cell membrane gives cell a rigid boxlike shape Function: protection & support Made of cellulose Plant cell only Cell Wall

  9. “The Gate Keeper” Outside boundary that separates the cell from its environment Function: controls what comes in and out of the cell Made of phospholipids In both plant and animal cells. Cell Membrane

  10. Cell Pictures Cell wall Cell membrane Cell membrane

  11. NUCLEUS • Acts as the “brain” of the cell or the control center • Large, oval • Where DNA is found • Found in plant and animal cells

  12. CYTOPLASM • A gel-like fluid found throughout the entire cell wherein the organelles are found. • Acts as a shock absorber for the cell and its organelles • Found in both plant and animal cells

  13. RIBOSOMES • Factories that produce proteins • Smallest organelle in the cell • Most abundant organelle • Found in both plant and animal

  14. MITOCHONDRIA • The “powerhouse” of the cell • Breaks down sugar molecules to make ATP. • The cell uses ATP to do work. • Has its own DNA • Found in plant and animal cells

  15. CHLOROPLASTS • Captures energy from the sunlight and uses it to produce food for the cell (photosynthesis) • Green, oval usually containing chlorophyll (green pigment) • Found only in the plant cell • Has its own DNA

  16. VACUOLES • Storage area of the cell • Function: Stores food and water • Plants have one large vacuole for water

  17. LYSOSOMES • Cell’s cleanup crew • Breaks down old cell parts and releases the substances so they can be used again.

  18. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM • Nickname: “Roads” • Internal delivery system of a cell • Rough ER - covered in ribosomes. Helps make proteins. • Smooth ER – No ribosomes. Makes lipids

  19. GOLGI BODIES • “The Shippers” or “The Mailroom” • Receives proteins and other materials from the ER, packages them ad distributes them to other parts of the cell. • Looks like a stack of pancakes • In plant and animal cells

  20. Cytoskeleton • Web of proteins in cytoplasm • Keeps cell from collapsing • In Plant and animal cells

  21. Vesicle • A small sac that surrounds material to be moved material in, out, or within a cell. • In plant and animal cells

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