Human Communication

1. Slide 1 Human Communication Judy C. Pearson Paul E. Nelson Scott Titsworth Lynn Harter

2. Slide 2 PART ONEFundamentals of Communication Studies

3. Chapter Summary Slide 3 Slide 3 Human Communication: The Essentials CHAPTER 1 • Communication is Essential • Communication: The Process of Exchanging Meaning • Communication Principles • Components of Communication • How Does Communication Occur? • What are Communication Contexts? • What are the Goals of Communication Study?

4. Studying communication can... Slide 4 Slide 4 Communication is Essential • Improve the way you see yourself • Improve the way others see you • Increase what you know about human relationships Continued...

5. Studying communication can... Slide 5 Slide 5 Communication is Essential • Teach you important life skills • Help you exercise your constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech • Help you succeed professionally

6. Slide 6 Slide 6 Communication: the Process of Exchanging Meaning • Communication is the process by which meaning is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, and behavior. • Communication is considered a process because it is an activity, an exchange, or a set of behaviors that occurs over time--it is not an unchanging product.

7. Slide 7 Slide 7 Communication: the Process of Exchanging Meaning • Meaning is the shared understanding of the message constructed in the minds of the communicators.

8. Communication Begins with the Self Slide 8 Slide 8 Communication Principles “Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he [or she] is the center.” Continued...

9. Communication Begins with the Self Slide 9 Slide 9 Communication Principles • Barnlund’s six-person concept: • 1. How you view yourself • 2. How you view the other person. • 3 How you believe the other person views you. • 4. How the other person views himself or herself. • 5. How the other person views you. • 6. How the other person believes you view him or her. Continued...

10. Slide 10 Slide 10 Communication Principles Insert Figure 1.1 Here Figure 1.1: Barnlund’s “six people” involved in every two-person communication.

11. Communication Involves Others Slide 11 Slide 11 Communication Principles • A dialogue is the act of taking part in a conversation, discussion, or negotiation. • The competent communicator considers the other person’s needs and expectations. • Communication begins with the self, as define largely by others, and involves others, as defined largely by the self.

12. Communication is Complicated Slide 12 Slide 12 Communication Principles • Communication involves choices about the multiple aspects of the message: • --verbal, nonverbal, and behavioral aspects, • --choices surrounding transmission channels used • --characteristics of the speaker • --relationship between speaker and audience • --characteristics of the audience • --the situation in which the communication occurs

13. An Increased Quantity of Communication Does Not Increase the Quality of Communciation “Communication is Inevitable, Irreversible, and Unrepeatable” Slide 13 Slide 13 Communication Principles

14. People Slide 14 Slide 14 Components of Communication • The sourceinitiates the message • The receiveris the intended target of the message

15. Message Slide 15 Slide 15 Components of Communication • The message is the verbal and nonverbal form of the idea, thought, or feeling that one person (the source) wishes to communicate to another person or group of people (the receiver).

16. Channel Slide 16 Slide 16 Components of Communication • The channel is the means by which a message moves from the source to the receiver of the message.

17. Feedback Slide 17 Slide 17 Components of Communication • Feedback is the receiver’s verbal and nonverbal response to the source’s message.

18. Code Slide 18 Slide 18 Components of Communication • A code is a systematic arrangement of symbols used to create meanings in the mind of another person or persons. • --Syntax are rules of arrangement of code. • --Grammar are rules of function of code. • Verbal and nonverbal codes are the two types of codes used in communication.

19. Encoding and Decoding Slide 19 Slide 19 Components of Communication • Encoding is the act of putting an idea or a thought into a code. • Decoding is assigning meaning to that idea or thought.

20. Noise Slide 20 Slide 20 Components of Communication • Noise is any interference in the encoding and decoding processes that reduces the clarity of a message.

21. Slide 21 Slide 21 How Does Communication Occur? • The Action Model • The Interaction Model • The Transaction Model • The Constructivist Model

22. Slide 22 Slide 22 How Does Communication Occur? Insert Figure 1.2 Here Figure 1.2: Perspectives on communication.

23. Slide 23 Slide 23 What Are Communication Contexts? • Intrapersonal Communication • Interpersonal Communication • Public Communication • Mass Communication

24. Slide 24 Slide 24 What Are Communication Contexts? Insert Table 1.1 Here Table 1.1: Differences Among Communication Contexts.

25. Slide 25 Slide 25 What Are The Goals of Communication Study? • Effective Communications • Ethical Communication • The Nine Commandments of Communication Ethics