Lifestyle Diseases

1. Chapter 14 Lifestyle Diseases

2. Lifestyle Diseases—TRUE OR FALSE??? Chapter 14 • Do you eat foods low in saturated fat and sugar, and high in fiber? • Do you eat foods that are low in added salt and sugar? • Do you get some form of exercise every day? • Do you avoid tobacco products and smoky environments? • Do you get a yearly physical exam? • Do you use sunscreen when you’re outside? • Do you eat at least 2 servings (each) of fruits and vegetables each day?

3. Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14 Contents Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases Section 3 Cancer Section 4 Living with Diabetes

4. Chapter 14 Section 1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases

5. Section1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14 Bell ringer • Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise and make a crease. • At the top of one side, write the word “Healthy.” • At the top of the other side, write the word “Risky.” • List under each title the things people do that are either healthy or risky to their health. • Healthy • Risky

6. Section1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14 What Are Lifestyle Diseases? • Caused by: • unhealthy behaviors (controllable risk factors) • other factors (uncontrollable risk factors) • Examples: • cardiovascular disease • many forms of cancer • diabetes

7. Uncontrollable age gender ethnicity Heredity (family hx) Controllable diet and body weight daily levels of physical activity level of sun exposure smoking and alcohol abuse Section1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14 Risk Factors for Lifestyle Diseases

8. Controllable Risk Factors

9. When you know the factors that contribute to lifestyle diseases, you can make lifestyle choices now to reduce your chances of these diseases later in life. Section1 Lifestyle and Lifestyle Diseases Chapter 14 The bottom line…

10. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 What Are Cardiovascular Diseases? • Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): • the leading cause of death in the United States • result from progressive damage (over time) to the heart and blood vessels

11. Chapter 14 Section 2 Cardiovascular Diseases

12. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 The four main types of CVD are: • high blood pressure • (the “silent” killer) • Atherosclerosis • (hardening / blockage of arteries) • stroke • heart attack

13. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 • BLOOD PRESSURE • Definition: the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel • HIGH BP weakens and injures blood vessel walls, leading to other cardiovascular diseases.

14. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 • ATHEROSCLEROSIS • fatty materials (cholesterol & plaque) build up on artery walls • Reduces and blocks blood flow • Breaks apart & releases clots that cause strokes or heart attacks

15. CHOLESTEROL (2 sources)

16. ATHEROSCLEROSIS

17. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 • Stroke • blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted (blockage OR ruptured blood vessel)

18. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 STROKE (signs & symptoms)

19. Chapter 14 RECOGNIZING A STROKE-NEW INFORMATION!!! Some doctors say that if a neurologist can begin treating a stroke victim within 3 hours they can totally reverse the effects of a stroke. The trick is getting the patient medically cared for within 3 hours, which is tough……. Remember the 1st Three Letters: S-T-R Some doctors say a bystander can recognize a stroke by asking three simple questions: S   Ask the individual to SMILE T   Ask the person to TALK and SPEAK A SIMPLE SENTENCE coherently (ex: “It is sunny out today.”) R   Ask them to RAISE BOTH ARMS New Sign of a Stroke: ask the person to STICK OUT THEIR TOUNGUE. If the tongue is 'crooked‘ or goes to one side or the other, that is also an indication of a stroke. If they have trouble with ANY ONE of these tasks, call 911 immediately and describe the symptoms to the dispatcher.

20. Chapter 14 HEART ATTACK • damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle • often caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart.

21. Coronary artery blockage

22. Coronary artery stenosis w/ blood clot

23. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 Detecting and Testing for CVD • check your blood pressure • electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG) • ultrasound • angiogram

24. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 Detecting and Testing for CVD • Check your BP: monitors cardiovascular health and helps detect CVDs. • Blood pressures are given in the form “Systolic pressure/Diastolic pressure.” • Systolic pressure is the maximum blood pressure when the heart contracts. • Diastolic pressure is the blood pressure between heart contractions. • Normal BP is about 120/80

25. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 Detecting and Testing for CVD • electrocardiogram (EKG) • measures the electrical activity of the heart • ultrasound • images of the pumping heart and heart valves • angiogram • injecting dye into the coronary arteries to look for blockages

26. Angiogram of the heart

27. Cerebral angiogram with blockage Where’s the blockage?

28. Cardiac angiogram with blockage Where’s the blockage?

29. Section2 Cardiovascular Diseases Chapter 14 Preventing & Treating CVD • reducing saturated fats, cholesterol, and salt • maintaining healthy weight • avoid tobacco • do cardiovascular exercise regularly • monitor BP & cholesterol levels • reducing stress • Medications (low-dose aspirin, Rx, etc) • surgery (bypass, angioplasty, pacemaker, transplant)

30. Chapter 14 Section 3 Cancer

31. Section3 Cancer Chapter 14 What Is Cancer? • 2nd leading cause of death in the U.S., after CVDs. • Definition: uncontrolled cell growth • (starts with genetic damage. When the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide more rapidly than normal, forming tumors.) click here for video

32. Section3 Cancer Chapter 14 Tumors & the spread of cancer… • Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that invades and destroys normal tissue. • Benign tumor: an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass. • Metastasis: a process in which cancer cells break away from a tumor and travel to other parts of the body, creating new tumors.

33. Metastasis

34. Section3 Cancer Chapter 14 What Causes Cancer? • Inheriting damaged or mutated genes can increase your chance of getting cancer. • Environmental effects—coming in contact with carcinogens (cancer causing agents) throughout your life • Ex: poor diet, smoking, sun overexposure, chemicals, etc

37. Section3 Cancer Chapter 14 Detecting Cancer • self-exams (skin, breast & testicle) • x rays (ex: mammogram) • biopsies (tissue samples) • MRI • blood and DNA tests

40. Section3 Cancer Chapter 14 Preventing Cancer • Don’t smoke • Limit overexposure to UV radiation • Eat less saturated fats • Eat more fruits, vegetables & fiber • Exercise & maintain a healthy weight • Get regular medical checkups

41. Section3 Cancer Chapter 14 Treating Cancer surgery – removes tumor chemotherapy – using drugs to kill cancer cells radiation therapy – using radiation to kill cancer cells strengthen the immune system

42. Chapter 14 Section 4 Living with Diabetes

43. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 Bell ringer Name some foods that you eat that are high in sugar?

44. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 What Is Diabetes? • Glucose: provides your cells with energy, circulating through the body in the bloodstream. • Insulin: a hormone produced in the pancreas that allows cells to remove (use) glucose from the blood. • Diabetes: a disorder in which cells are unable to use (remove) glucose from the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels & high levels of harmful toxins.

45. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 Types of Diabetes? • Type 1 diabetes (juvenile onset): • the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. • Type 2 diabetes (adult onset): • insulin is produced, but the body’s cells fail to respond to the insulin.

46. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 Why is Diabetes harmful??? • The body uses fat and protein instead of glucose for energy, causing a build-up of toxic substances in the blood that damages blood vessels & other tissues (and can lead to organ failure). • A diabetic comais a loss of consciousness that happens when there is too much blood sugar and too many toxic substances in the blood.

47. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14

48. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 Detecting Diabetes • Early detection is important to avoid these severe complications: • blindness • stroke • kidney disease • loss of lower limbs • If you have symptoms of diabetes, see a doctor as soon as possible.

49. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 Testing for Diabetes • Urinalysis • Glucose-tolerance tests • Insulin tests

50. Section4 Living with Diabetes Chapter 14 Treating Diabetes • Type 1: • keeping blood-glucose levels as close to normal as possible. • check blood-glucose levels several times a day and must learn to give themselves insulin injections. • Type 2: • sometimes involves injecting insulin, but usually focuses on frequent exercise and a healthy diet with moderate amounts of sugar.