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CARBO AFRICA

CO. 2. NPP. Harvest. Wood. NEP. Litter. Mineralisation. Organic layer. Mineral soil. Soil C flux. Bruxelles, 05/10/2007. Experts meeting on 'EU-funded research on carbon cycle and GHGs: Current state-of-the-art, policy implications and future research needs'. CARBO AFRICA.

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CARBO AFRICA

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  1. CO 2 NPP Harvest Wood NEP Litter Mineralisation Organic layer Mineral soil Soil C flux Bruxelles, 05/10/2007. Experts meeting on 'EU-funded research on carbon cycle and GHGs: Current state-of-the-art, policy implications and future research needs'. CARBO AFRICA “Quantification understanding and prediction of C-cycle and other GHGs in Sub-Saharan Africa” Prof. Riccardo Valentini University of Tuscia, Italy

  2. CARBOAFRICA European Commission, 6th Framework Programme Priority 1.1.6.3: Global Change and Ecosystems STREP (Specific Targeted Research Project) Proposal no. 037132 Duration: 3 years (01/10/06 – 30/09/09) Funds: 2.8 M€ Coordinator: University of Tuscia (Italy) Participant: currently 15 Institutions (11 European, 3 African, + FAO) soon CESBIO will join the consortium

  3. CARBOAFRICA Partnership +

  4. South Africa was responsible for about 1.2% of the total global warming effect in 1990, which placed it within the top ten contributing countries in the world. CARBON EMISSION Africa's carbon dioxide emissions from use of fossil fuels are low in relation to the rest of the world, however total Africa’s emissions having risen to 839 million metric tonnes of CO2 in 2001 (8 times the level in 1950). Few African nations account for the bulk of the region's fossil fuels emissions: 35 % Algeria, Egypt and Nigeria (combined) 42 % South Africa

  5. SUBSAHARIANAFRICA Burkina Faso Ghana Togo Benin Nigeria Cameroun Uganda Senegal Cape Verde Gambia Guinea Bissau Guinea Cote D'Ivore Sierra Leone Liberia Central African Republic Somalia Kenya Angola Zambia Sao Tomè and Principe Malawi Mozambique Comores Seychelles Mauritius Namibia Botswana Zimbabue Swaziland Leshoto Democratic Republic of Congo Gabon Congo Rwanda Burundi Tanzania Madagascar • NC1 not available yet

  6. CARBOAFRICA Specific Objectives 1. Consolidate and expand terrestrial carbon and other GHG fluxes monitoring network of Sub-Saharan Africa 2. Provide an analysis of the requirements in order to establish a terrestrial GHG monitoring system for Sub-Saharan Africa 3. Understand quantify and predict the GHG budget of Sub-Saharan Africa and its associated spatial and temporal variability 4. Assess the current land use change and evaluate the potential for carbon sequestration in Sub-Saharan Africa in the context - inter alia - of the Kyoto Protocol

  7. stations for atmospheric measurements Eddy covariance sites already available in Africa Eddy covariance sites that will be established by CARBOAFRICA CARBOAFRICA Flux network: 18 stations, of which 2 new (including the 1st in an African tropical forest, in Ghana) 2 Atmospheric stations + Airborne campaigns (CARE experiment)

  8. Net Radiation PAR Radiation Attitude GPS Novatel GPS GPS Electronics Switch BOX IRGA Pressure Sphere T Fast Response T Low Response Surface T Dew Point T Videocamera Sky Arrow ERA

  9. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS • The role of fire emissions on the African GHG balance and global implications • Deforestation patterns and role on avoiding emissions • Vulnerability of climate-human carbon coupled system

  10. Geostationary Fire Radiative Power Observations Kruger 2002 Angola 1999 BAE Angola 1999 BAE African Carbon Cycle Meeting, Kruger- South Africa (Aug 2007)

  11. SEVIRI-Determined Southern African Dry Season Fuel Consumption (July-Oct) Est. Combustion rate peaks at ~ 150 tonnes/sec Estimated Total Fuel Consumed = 345 – 451 Tg African Carbon Cycle Meeting, Kruger- South Africa (Aug 2007)

  12. UV DOAS System FRP Validation Fire Experiments (4 x 7ha Burns) Aerial Optical Video Aerial Thermal Video Ground Video Tracks fire rate of spread, heat release and approximate plume characteristics through the burn FTIR & IR Lamp System DOAS: Used to Measure SO2 flux from obs. of skylight UV radiation. FTIR & IR Lamp: Used to determine gas ratio’s of SO2 to C containing gases (CO2, CO etc). African Carbon Cycle Meeting, Kruger- South Africa (Aug 2007)

  13. Do fire matter in the climate system? -0.8 Wm-2 -0.6 Wm-2 % change High sensitivity to changes in burning: small reduction (10%) of results in cooling; large regional variation, with the most pronounced effect in Africa. Regions Naik et al., 2007

  14. FIRE EMISSIONS • Annual global fire carbon emissions: basically unknown, c.1.5 – 5.0 GtC a-1; Africa: 1 GtC a-1 • One of the most important episodic events that determines vegetation structure and composition (and thus also trace gas exchange) • Tropospheric & stratospheric source of reactive trace gases & particles • Fires are associated with Savannahas burning not to deforestation

  15. Tropical Land Use Change:0.8±0.2to2.2±0.8PgC yr-1 Kyoto Target:0.5PgC yr-1 Deforestation and Kyoto Protocol Santilli et al. 2003

  16. Clean Development Mechanism in Africa Assist developing countries promoting sustainable development in low-income communities Sinergy among the Rio Conventions Millennium Development Goals • Controlling desertification process through reforestation • Increasing the biodiversity for ecosystem stabilization by the use of several native species • Sequestering carbon for climate change mitigation • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Promote gender equality and empower women • Ensure environmental sustainability

  17. Accumulated assimilation from the start of the rainy season 2007 at Demokeya, Sudan, a site dominated by grasses. Jonas Ardö, Lund Univ. Lund Respiration starts just after the first precipitation As biomass develops the system turns from a source to a sink of Carbon

  18. atmosphere CH4 sink CH4 source texture density and porosity water content temperature Termites methanotrophic bacteria methanogenic bacteria soil

  19. CARBOAFRICA WEB www.carboafrica.net

  20. Project Portal database

  21. official launch of WWW.CARBOAFRICA.NET 8 Aug 2007 Statistics period: 8 Aug 2007 - 21 Aug 2007 Monthly statistics will be produced beginning of August 2007 • Web portal (point of access and sharing for data; information and knowledge products and applications; electronic forum; newsletter). http://www.carboafrica.net/

  22. 1) Autumn 2007 in Brazzaville (Congo) on Biomass and Carbon Cycle: Measurements, Modelisation and Simulations;(training course for national UNFCCC focal points) • 2) Beginning of 2008, in South Africa, on Eddy Covariance, Ecophysiology and Soil Processes. Theoretical and practical (using computers in laboratories and instrumentation in the field) • 3) Late 2008 on Fires detection and GHG emissions (training course for national UNFCCC focal points) • 4) Late 2008 Regional C-accounting, mitigation and adaptation options :Kyoto and post Kyoto scenarios.

  23. Research needs(possible 1 IP) • 1. Expand atmospheric and “in situ” network to increase representation • 2. Expand remote sensing capabilities (i.e. deforestation and forest degradation) • 3. Improve water nitrogen and carbon integration • 4. Improve socio-economic analysis of land-use changes and fossil fuel maps of megacities

  24. Thanks !!!

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