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Cannibalism, High mortality and Drop in Egg Production Associated with Low Sodium in the Feed

Cannibalism, High mortality and Drop in Egg Production Associated with Low Sodium in the Feed. Canadian Poultry Consultants Abbotsford. Flock Information. Type of Birds: Commercial Layer Chickens Age:23 weeks old Flock Size: 6096 Barns are divided by Wall Second Flock Age: 44 weeks

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Cannibalism, High mortality and Drop in Egg Production Associated with Low Sodium in the Feed

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  1. Cannibalism, High mortality and Drop in Egg Production Associated with Low Sodium in the Feed Canadian Poultry Consultants Abbotsford

  2. Flock Information • Type of Birds: Commercial Layer Chickens • Age:23 weeks old • Flock Size: 6096 Barns are divided by Wall • Second Flock Age: 44 weeks • Flock Size: 6030

  3. Housing System • Barn Dimensions: 30 X 190 Feet • Farmers Automatic • 2 Rows • Multi-deck i.e., 3 Tier

  4. Bird Density • Capacity: 8 birds per cage • Actual: 6-7 birds per cage

  5. Ventilation System • Pad Cooling System • Ceiling Ventilation • Two 52 Inch Fans • One 40 Inch Fan

  6. Manure Removal System • Automatic Manure Removal Belt • Once a week

  7. Feeding System • Chain Feeding System • Type of Feed: Mash • Frequency of Feeding: 7 times/day • Separate Silos for each barn • Chore Time Feeding System

  8. Lighting • Fluorescent 15 watts Light Bulbs at 60% • 3 Rows • Spaced at 8 feet • 20-25 Lux at top tier • 16 hours a day • 8 hours of darkness

  9. Water • Well water • Thorough Cleaning and Disinfection during Downtime • No continuous water treatment • Two nipple drinkers with a splash cup for each cage

  10. Vaccination Status • Marek’s and ILT at the Hatchery • Live Bursal • Live AE • Live ILT (TCO) • Live and Killed ND and IB Coverage

  11. History • Two Commercial Layer Flocks at one Location • Major Complaint: Cannibalism , High Mortality and Drop in Egg Production • Field Call was requested

  12. Differential Diagnosis • Management: out of feed , out of water , lighting (too dark or too bright) , temperature extremes • Improper Nutrition • Mycotoxins • Infectious causes: • Fowl Pox • Coccidiosis

  13. Differential Diagnosis • Infectious Bronchitis • Newcastle Disease • Avian Influenza • Avian encephalomyelitis • Fowl Cholera • Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infection • Infectious Coryza

  14. Field Call • Analysed the production data • Walked through the barn • Measured light intensity • Collected Feed Sample • Blood Sampling was done on that Day • Brought fresh dead birds back to CPC for PM

  15. Post-Mortem Findings • Necropsy revealed the following • Weight Ranged from 1.14 kg to 1.44 kg in barn # 5 • Weight ranged from 1.11 kg to 1.37 kg in barn # 6 • Pecking wound around vent areas in 6 birds • Egg in oviduct in 3 birds

  16. Post-Mortem Findings • Toneless ovarian follicles in barn # 6 birds • Thin Keel bone in 4 birds • Moist feed in the crop • Empirical Diagnosis: Cannibalism

  17. Serology Results • Satisfactory titers for following • AE • IBV • NDV Negative for following in barn # 5: • MG • MS • MS positive flock in barn # 6 confirmed by HI

  18. Daily Mortality in Barn 5 & 6 Barn # 5: 2.1% in two weeks • 10 • 6 • 8 • 8 • 15 • 11 Barn # 6: 5.2% in two weeks • 13 • 20 • 26 • 20 • 20 • 35 • 22

  19. Drop in Egg Production in Barn # 5 • Barn # 5: • 94.64% • 86.34% • 96.34% • 93% • 94.30% • 90.99% • 92.61% • Egg production before the start of the problem: 94.45% • Minimum egg production:91.14% • 2-3% loss in egg production

  20. Drop in Egg Production in Barn # 6 • Barn # 6: • 97.37% • 89.13% • 88.01% • 82.21% • 74.35% • 74.28% • 64.27% • Egg production before the start of problem: 97.37% • Minimum egg production: 53.17% • 44.19% drop in egg production within 13 days period

  21. Feed Sample Results Ingredient Barn # 5 Barn # 6 • Protein 21.4% 20.3% • Sodium 0.10% < 0.10% • Standard Na Levels: 0.14% to 0.17% based on daily ration allowance

  22. Precedents • Low sodiumfor 28 days- 64% drop in egg production ( Dilworth and Day, 1976) • 0.017% Na in feed-complete cessation of egg production in 21 days (Nesbeth et al 1976) • 0.13% Na in feed- drop in egg production from 60 to 15%

  23. Food For Thought • What changes are triggered in the bird with low sodium diets? • What happens to different hormones i.e., Prolactin , Corticosterone , Ovarian Steroids ( Estradiol , Progesterone) , Thyroid Hormones , Adrenal Gland Hormones, Pituitary Gland Hormones?

  24. Hyponatremia in Humans • Effects on Nervous System • Sodium imbalance results in water retention and cerebral edema • Headache • Confusion • Irritability • Seizure • Decreased consciousness • Coma

  25. Thank You www.canadianpoultry.ca

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