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Lobbying II. What do lobbyists do to lobby members of Congress?. Develop relationships & credibility Don’t burn bridges Do research/provide information Electoral situation and district preferences Policy consequences and ramifications Legislative Process
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What do lobbyists do to lobby members of Congress? • Develop relationships & credibility • Don’t burn bridges • Do research/provide information • Electoral situation and district preferences • Policy consequences and ramifications • Legislative Process • Develop coalitions & temporary allies • Work out compromises
How do lobbyists balance the need to represent their group with the inevitable compromises in lawmaking?
Changing public opinion • Disseminate research • Example 1 • Example 2 • Ideological think tanks • Run ads • For Cap and Trade • Against Cap and Trade • Simplify the debate in ideological terms • Demonstrations/protests
How is lobbying the executive branch different than lobbying the public or Congress? How is it the same?
Federal Administrative Procedures Act (1946) • Applies to all regulatory agencies (FAA, FDA, EPA, etc.) • Rulemaking procedures are to be transparent • Public can participate in the rulemaking process • When agencies make rules binding on the public or quasi-judicial decisions resolving disputes about rules, they have to follow certain procedures
Lobbying the executive branch • Bring technical opinion and public comment into official administrative policymaking process • Work to get, and with, a sympathetic president (Office of Public Liaison)
When to turn to litigation? • As an appeals process from the political branches • When lobbying won’t work • When you’ve got the money for it
Standing • Generally have to show some injury to be able to bring a suit • Office of Communication of the United Church of Christ vs. FCC (1965) • Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife (1990)