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Cellular Reproduction

Cellular Reproduction. Asexual Reproduction. This is a type of reproduction where only one parent is involved. 100% of the genetic material from the one parent is passed on. There is no variation in the gene pool for the new offspring. Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually.

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Cellular Reproduction

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  1. Cellular Reproduction

  2. Asexual Reproduction • This is a type of reproduction where only one parent is involved. • 100% of the genetic material from the one parent is passed on. • There is no variation in the gene pool for the new offspring. • Bacteria primarily reproduce asexually.

  3. Sexual Reproduction • This type of reproduction requires two parents. • 50% of the genetic material is passed on from each parent • There is a fair amount of genetic variation because new genes are integrated each generation. • Most multi-cellular organisms reproduce sexually.

  4. Examples of Asexual Reproduction • Binary fission is asexual; the organism splits directly into two equal-sized offspring, each with a copy of the parent's genetic material. • Binary fission is the usual type of reproduction in prokaryotes, the more familiar of which are known as bacteria.

  5. Examples of Asexual Reproduction • Budding is the formation of a new organism by the protrusion of part of another organism. • This is very common in plants and fungi, and even an animal Hydra. • The picture to the right is yeast budding. It’s almost like it’s growing out of the side of the yeast.

  6. Hydra Budding • Hydra is considered an animal and here it is budding. • Notice the protrusion sticking out of the right side of the Hydra.

  7. Examples of Asexual Reproduction • Sporogenesis or Sporulation is when plants asexually produce small tiny spores on their outside leaves. • These growths will usually detach from the organism and grow on another medium such as the ground. • Some Fungi also sometimes undergo this process.

  8. Examples of Asexual Reproduction • Vegetative reproduction is a type of asexual reproduction for plants, and is also called vegetative propagation or vegetative multiplication. It is a process by which new plant "individuals" arise or are obtained without production of seeds or spores.

  9. Examples of Asexual Reproduction • Fragmentation is a type of asexual reproduction where each fragment develops into a mature, fully grown individual. • This new individual is a clone of the original organism. • If the organism is split any further the process is repeated. • Sea Stars, Fungi, and some Worms do this.

  10. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction • Only one parent is required. This is good because it takes time and energy to find a mate. This can also be quite dangerous! • If you have good genes it is great because 100% of them are passed on. • Very quick reproduction

  11. Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction • The main disadvantage is that there is no genetic variation. This means that if there is a genetic mutation or disease they are very hard to combat. • Parents look entirely like offspring. If humans did this we would all look the same. (not much fun)

  12. The Importance of Genetic Variation. • As previously discussed, genetic variation is important because it allows individuals within a given species to adapt to their environment. • Remember we are born with adaptations if don’t naturally have these differences in our DNA we can’t obtain them. • If we are different because of genetic variation and we are able to adapt this is known as survival of the fittest or natural selection. • Adaptations make organisms different and if it occurs over a long enough period of time we can get new species.

  13. Sexual Reproduction Examples • Organisms that reproduce sexually are animals and some plants. • Even though plants are pollinated by bee’s and other insects this is still considered sexual reproduction.

  14. Advantages to Sexual Reproduction • With sexual reproduction you have more genetic variation. • Both parents are passing on 50% of their genetic material so it’s easier to get rid of genetic mutations and diseases. • This produces variation in the population. That way a species is more likely to survive if there are genetic differences in the population.

  15. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction • You have to expend time and energy to find a mate and in some cases fight for that mate. • Think about rams that hit their heads together they are usually fighting over mating rights. (pretty dangerous) • Planet Earth-Show Birds of Paradise Movie • Only ½ your genes are passed on this is bad if you had great genes they can be diluted. • Slow process.

  16. Competition for Mating Rights • Go home and look up the video Hippo Beach it’s pretty cool. • I couldn’t access it here at school but you should be able to watch it at home.

  17. Mini Movies on Cellular Reproduction • Singled Celled Organisms Mini Movie • Floral Arrangements Mini Movie • The Red Queen Mini Movie

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