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Speech Fundamentals

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Speech Fundamentals

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    1. Speech Fundamentals ENC 3254 Writing for Building Construction Kellie Roberts Dial Center for Written & Oral Communication

    2. Overview of Team Presentation Assignment 20-30 minutes (i.e. 4-6 mins/team member) 15 minutes for Q & A (audience will roleplay committees) Intro/Background Exterior Interior Environmental Conclusion

    3. Speaker Responsibilities Individual Speakers: Intro with preview Relate section to the audience Body with transitions between main points Conclusion Everyone must use Visual Aids Moderator: Introduction Section Team transitions Conclusion/Q&A

    4. Presentations can be viewed from three stylistic perspectives

    6. Goal: Be Compelling Know Purpose of Speech Know Audience Show Value of Message Build Rapport & Credibility

    7. Goal: Present a clear message Speech Overview/Preview Prepares Audience Use Connectives/Transitions Signals Topic Change Review Points Enhances Audience Retention

    8. Organize the Message Identify Purpose and Goal Why a speech? What do you hope to accomplish? Inform? Persuade? Instruct? Identify Central Idea Must be relevant to audience: Why should they listen? Not overly broad

    9. Select Purpose & Central Idea Choose 2-3 Points Reinforce your Central Idea Highlight Central Idea through Examples

    10. Scripting Body of Speech Organize Main Points Chronological: use when describing events--how the Great Wall of China was built use when explaining a process--steps for building a wall in your backyard SPATIAL: follow directional pattern--explaining the design of the Eiffel tower (3 sections: top section, middle section, lower section) Causal: shows cause and effect--usually for persuasive speech…but can be informative Persuasive: use of ritalin to treat ADHD is a serious problem because it is too widely prescribed and has dangerous side effects Inform: possible causes of the collapse of Mayan civilization Problem-Solution: Action needs to be taken on environmental hazards caused by discarded computers. Major source of lead and radiation in landfills. Solving the problem reqs gov’t regulation and incentives for business. Topical: separate multiple main points into categories--these become the new main points. Chronological: use when describing events--how the Great Wall of China was built use when explaining a process--steps for building a wall in your backyard SPATIAL: follow directional pattern--explaining the design of the Eiffel tower (3 sections: top section, middle section, lower section) Causal: shows cause and effect--usually for persuasive speech…but can be informative Persuasive: use of ritalin to treat ADHD is a serious problem because it is too widely prescribed and has dangerous side effects Inform: possible causes of the collapse of Mayan civilization Problem-Solution: Action needs to be taken on environmental hazards caused by discarded computers. Major source of lead and radiation in landfills. Solving the problem reqs gov’t regulation and incentives for business. Topical: separate multiple main points into categories--these become the new main points.

    11. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence Step 1--Attention Step 2-Need Step 3-Satisfaction Step 4-Visualization Step 5-Action

    12. Introduction Get Attention! State your purpose Relate to your audience Establish credibility Preview your main points Conclusion Cue the end Review your main points or central idea Remind audience of desired response Vivid ending Plan Introduction & Conclusion

    14. There are several choices speech delivery

    15. Goal: Be Captivating & Memorable Delivery Essentials=~65% of total message Eye Contact and Facial Expression 50% of nonverbal message Vocalics or Paralanguage 30% of nonverbal message Body Movement--body language hand gestures, walking, podium use Distracting Mannerisms

    16.

    17. Voice Rate and volume Pitch, inflection, and emphasis Articulation, pronunciation, and enunciation Voice Rate and volume Pitch, inflection, and emphasis Articulation, pronunciation, and enunciation

    18. Do not stand like this!

    20. The heart attackThe heart attack

    21. At ease and the generalAt ease and the general

    24. More Delivery Best Practices

    25. Use of time Edward Everett 13,607 words (2 hrs.) Abe Lincoln 272 words (ten sentences) Use of time Edward Everett 13,607 words (2 hrs.) Abe Lincoln 272 words (ten sentences)

    27. Delivery Physical appearance Clothing Artifacts

    30. Why use Visual Aids? Clarity Interest & Retention Variety Delivery Skills Credibility

    32. Types of Visual Aids YOU Objects Flipcharts Handouts Marker or chalkboards Overhead Projectors Poster-boards Videos Computer-assisted presentations

    33. PowerPoint ENHANCES THE PRESENTATION OR SPEECH, IT IS NOT THE PRESENTATION OR SPEECH.

    34. PowerPoint What is PowerPoint’s function? Displays current topic in presentation. Reinforces what the speaker discusses. Increases attention Enhances/Reduces speaker statusIncreases attention Enhances/Reduces speaker status

    35. 4 Important Design Concepts Make it Big Keep it Simple Make it Clear Be Consistent

    36. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall use an easily readable font. Thou shall not use a small font. Font sizes 36-44 point- Title 28-32 point- Headings & Subheadings

    37. Choose a format that is easily read

    38. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall use slides that contrast.

    41. ..

    43. Color affects the emotions of the audience Avoid having a hot color such as red or orange as your background color.

    44. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall keep slides and colors consistent. How fancy? Thou shall have one major idea per slide. Thou shall not crowd the slide. Discuss not having intro, topic and agenda on one slide.Discuss not having intro, topic and agenda on one slide.

    45. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall use short phrases. Ideally, 4-6 words LESS IS MORE Six by six, seven by seven, or eight by eight rule; up and down Do Not Get Wordy. Do Not Get Wordy.

    48. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall make graphs, figures, and the like, easy to read and understand. Briefly describe graph, chart, etc… Put chart abovePut chart above

    50. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall avoid clipart.

    52. PowerPoint Commandments Thou shall have information appear as needed, not all at once. Thou shall look at audience when presenting.

    53. Visual Aid Usage Guidelines Do you really need it? Check out environment and equipment. Refer to it only when showing it and show it only when you refer to it (use blank slides). Do not read from the visual & do not talk to the visual! Make sure that your visual is big enough. Point out specifics. Do not distribute handouts during speech. Prepare in advance and PRACTICE!

    54. Planning & Preparing Visual Aids Enhance the meaning or impact of your speech. Limit the # of slides (1/minute). Start with a rough draft. Be sure your aid is simple. Limit the animation!! Do not simply have an outline of what you will say PowerPoint may supplement your demonstration, but may not BE the demonstration

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    56. Acting like a Team Not just a series of presentations Agree on Q/A format Agree on who is responsible for what Plan out transitions Timer Slide progression Speaker should focus on the audience Team should look at the person speaking Roadmap! Rehearse together & with visuals!

    57. Q/A Develop list of possible questions and prepare answers Ask for questions--if none, be specific (Are there any questions about the 3 recos?) Suggest questions (One of the most frequently asked…) Use wait time Restate question Be sure to thank the audience and sumup

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