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Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds. The Loss or Gain of Electrons. Stable Atoms. We know that atoms that are stable have either: A filled outer energy level – eight electrons (the octet rule). Elements will lose or gain electrons to achieve this state.

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Ionic Compounds

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  1. Ionic Compounds The Loss or Gain of Electrons

  2. Stable Atoms We know that atoms that are stable have either: • A filled outer energy level – eight electrons (the octet rule). • Elements will lose or gain electrons to achieve this state. • Use the periodic table to see how many electrons the atom needs to be stable. Ex. O has 6, but wants 8. It adds 2e’s; It makes the ion O-2

  3. Ions • Ionic compounds start with ions • When naming an anion we will take the beginning of the name and add –ide. Ex. Cl- is called chloride, not chlorine • When naming a cation we just use the name of the element plus the word ion. Ex. Na+ is called sodium ion

  4. Ionic Compounds • Ionic compounds are called salts. • Consist of a metal and a nonmetal. • A cation and an anion. There can be multiples of each. • It is the electrostatic attraction (opposites attract) between the positive cation and the negative anion that holds the compound in the solid state.

  5. Characteristics of Ionic Compounds • Strong bonds. • Solids. • High melting points. • Exist as crystals with repeating units • Can be soluble (dissolve in water) or insoluable

  6. Naming Ionic Compounds • Always name the cation first. • Change the suffix of the anion to –ide. • If the cation is a transition element the name MUST contain a Roman numeral. This represents its charge or oxidation state. Example: KI – potassium iodideSrCl2 – strontium chlorideFeF3 – iron(III) fluoride.

  7. Polyatomic Ions • Polyatomic ions are ions that consist of more than one element. • It is very important to keep in mind that the charge on the polyatomic ion belongs to the entire molecule, not to just one atom within the molecule. NO3- nitrate polyatomic ion.SO4-2 sulfate polyatomic ion.

  8. Polyatomic Ions You are responsible for memorizing the following polyatomic ions with respect to their formulas, names, and charges: (They are found on your ion chart) CH3COO-1 (C2H3O2-1) acetateNH4+1 ammoniumCO3-2 carbonateCrO4-2 chromateOH-1 hydroxideNO3-1 nitrateNO2-1 nitritePO4-3 phosphateSO4-2 sulfateSO3-2 sulfite

  9. Polyatomic Ions Ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions are named by: • Naming the cation. • Naming the polyatomic ion. NaNO3 – sodium nitrate Mg(OH)2 – magnesium hydroxide

  10. Writing Formulas Two methods to writing formula • First method- add up charges; • Write the cation first. • Write the anion last. • First method- The sum of the oxidation numbers or charges must equal zero. Ex. Calcium chloride Ca+2 2xCl- = -2 CaCl2 • Second method – criss-cross Ca+2 Cl-1 = CaCl2

  11. Writing and Naming Ionic Formulas Name the following ionic compounds: SrO Al(CH3COO)3 CuSO4 strontium oxide aluminum acetate copper(II) sulfate KNO3 CrPO4 BaI2 potassium nitrate chromium(III) phosphate barium iodide

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