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Ionic Compounds

Chemical Bonding. Ionic Compounds. Lewis Structures. Ionic – show transfer of e -. Things to know about Ionic. Ionic compounds are made up of? The electrons are being? What is written first? Opposite charges will?. How to write a formula. Ionic Formulas

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Ionic Compounds

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  1. Chemical Bonding Ionic Compounds

  2. Lewis Structures • Ionic – show transfer of e-

  3. Things to know about Ionic • Ionic compounds are made up of? • The electrons are being? • What is written first? • Opposite charges will?

  4. How to write a formula Ionic Formulas • Overall net charge must equal zero. • S.O.C.S • Symbols -> Oxidation # -> Crisscross -> Simplify • Don’t show charges in the final formula.

  5. Writing Formula Practice • Potassium Chloride  KCl • K+ Cl- • Aluminum Bromide  AlBr3 • Al+3 Br- • Beryllium Sulfide  BeS = Reduce • Be+2 S-2

  6. Ionic Nomenclature How to Name an Ionic Compound • Write the name of the Cation (Metal) first. It comes straight off the periodic table. • Change ending of the Anion (Nonmetal) to end in -ide.

  7. Naming Practice • Al2O3 • Aluminum Oxide • CaS • Calcium Sulfide • Na3P • Sodium Phosphide

  8. Polyatomic Ions • When you have a compound that involves more than 2 elements, you must look at a Polyatomic Chart for help. • When writing formulas, keep these ions in parentheses • These ions will also have different endings (-ate) (-ite) • Helpful for determining between individual atoms and polyatomic ions

  9. Writing a Formula • You need to determine if a Polyatomic Ion is present! • Look at the ending of the name • (-ATE) or (-ITE) • What are some exceptions??? • What if the ending is (-IDE)? • What will you do then?

  10. Writing Polyatomics • Potassium Nitrate • KNO3 • Aluminum Sulfide • Al2S3 • Barium Phosphite • Ba3(PO3)2 • Calcium Hydroxide (careful with this) • Ca(OH)2

  11. Naming Polyatomics • Look for more than two elements. That means a Polyatomic is present. • Match up the polyatomics and write the correct names and ending straight from the chart.

  12. Practice w/ Polyatomics • CaSO4 • Calcium Sulfate • Ga(IO3)3 • Gallium Iodate

  13. Writing with Transitions • When a Transition metal is involved in the bond, you must identify which form of the atom is bonding. • These atoms can have different oxidation numbers. • Look for the Roman Numeral in the name when writing the formula. The Roman numeral is the oxidation number of the transition metal.

  14. Practice Writing Transitions • Copper (II) Fluoride • CuF2 • Zinc (I) Phosphate • Zn3PO4 • Nickel (IV) Oxide • NiO2 (Simplified formula)

  15. Naming Transitions • When Naming the compound, you must balance the total charge, must be zero! • Look at the Anion. Determine the total sum of the charge provided by the Anion. • Look at the Cation. Remembering that the sum of the ionic compound must equal zero, determine the positive charge, and roman numeral.

  16. Practice Naming Trans • Au2S • Gold(I) Sulfide • Co2O3 • Cobalt(III) Oxide • AgN • Silver(III) Nitride

  17. Molecular Nomenclature • Prefix System (binary compounds) • Recognize these because they’re made up of 2 nonmetals. Where are nonmetals found??? • Add prefixes to indicate # of atoms. 3. Change the ending of the second element to -ide.

  18. PREFIX mono- di- tri- tetra- penta- hexa- hepta- octa- nona- deca- NUMBER 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 C. Molecular Nomenclature

  19. Special Rules with Mono • If there is only one of the first element, then the prefix mono is not used. • If there is only one of the second element, then the prefix mono is necessary. • Ex. • CO – Carbon Monoxide • CO2 – Carbon Dioxide • C2O – Dicarbon Monoxide

  20. Also…. • There is no reducing for covalent compounds. What you see is what you get. If you reduced, you would change the chemical formula and ratio of the elements in the bond….Not good…. • C2I4 - Dicarbon Tetraiodide • CI2 - Carbon Diiodide • N3O6 - Trinitrogen Hexaoxide • NO2 - Nitrogen Dioxide

  21. C. Molecular Nomenclature • CCl4 • N2O • SF6 • carbon tetrachloride • dinitrogen monoxide • sulfur hexafluoride

  22. C. Molecular Nomenclature • arsenic trichloride • dinitrogen pentoxide • tetraphosphorus decoxide • AsCl3 • N2O5 • P4O10

  23. C. Molecular Nomenclature • The Seven Diatomic Elements I2 Br2 Cl2 F2 O2 N2 H2 H N O F Cl Br I

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