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Ionic Compounds

Ionic Compounds. Neutral compound formed from positive and negative ions. The ions are held together by ionic bonds, the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges. Positive ions are metals or ammonium. .

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Ionic Compounds

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  1. Ionic Compounds Neutral compound formed from positive and negative ions. The ions are held together by ionic bonds, the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative charges. Positive ions are metals or ammonium. Names of the compounds come from the names of the positive and negative ions that make up the compound. The positive ion is always written first is both the name of chemical formula. Formulas consist of lowest whole number subscripts that produce a neutral total charge. Polyatomic ions are enclosed in parentheses unless there is only one polyatomic ion

  2. Example: calcium hydroxideCalcium hydroxide is formed from calcium ions (Ca 2+) and hydroxide ions (OH -). A neutral compound requires two hydroxide ions and one calcium ion. The formula for calcium hydroxide is therefore: Ca(OH)2 Example: aluminum oxide Aluminum oxide is formed from calcium ions (Al 3+) and oxide ions (O 2-). A neutral compound requires three oxide ions (for a total of –6) and two aluminum ions (for a total of +6). The formula for aluminum oxide is therefore: Al2O3 A simple approach for obtaining the formula is to switch the value of the charge for each ion to the opposite ion to produce the subscript. Al is a 3+ , so the 3 becomes the subscript for aluminum; oxide is a 2- , so the 2 becomes the subscript for the oxygen.

  3. Example: Lead (IV) sulfateLead (IV) sulfate is formed from lead IV ions (Pb 4+)and sulfate ions (SO42-). Switching the charge value produces the formula: Pb2 (SO4)4However, since these subscripts are not the lowest possible whole number ratio, the formula should be simplified to: Pb(SO4)2

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