The Sentence and Its Parts

1. The Sentence and Its Parts

2. Simple Subjects and Predicates • Every sentence has two parts: a subject and a predicate. • The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about. • The predicate tells what the subject is or does or what happens to the subject. The enthusiastic crowdcheered wildly for the team.

3. Compound Subjects and Verbs • A sentence can have more than one subject and verb. • A compound subject is made up of two or more subjects that share a verb. Thursdays and Fridaysare common days for quizzes. • A compound verb is made up of two or more verbs or verb phrases that have the same subject. Iwashed and dried the dishes before bed. • A compound predicate is made up of a compound verb and all the words that go with each verb. Studentshave a lot of responsibility and must learn to manage their time.

4. Subjects in Unusual Positions • Inverted sentences—The subject comes after the verb or after the verb phrase. Down came the rain. • Sentences beginning with here or there—The subject of a sentence that begins in this way often follows the verb. Here is the book you ordered. There goes the kid that owes me money.

5. Subjects in Unusual Positions • Questions—The subject usually comes after the verb or inside the verb phrase. Was the lottery winner from Plainfield? Did the Coltswin in the big game last night? • Imperative sentences—The subject is usually you. (You) Please finish your homework before band practice. (You) Beware of the dog!

6. Subject Complements • A subject complement is a word that follows a linking verb and identifies (predicate nominative) or describes (predicate adjective) the subject. The recipewascomplicated. The athletefeltexhilarated. An undefeated seasonwas our goal. The tripbecame a disaster.

7. Objects of Verbs • Action verbs often require complements called direct objects and indirect objects to complete their meaning. • The direct object is a word or group of words that receive the action of the action verb. It answers the question what or whom. Icaught Marsha’s cold. Lloydmeasured his height in centimeters.

8. Objects of Verbs • Indirect objects tell to what, to whom, for what or for whom an action is done. • The indirect object is usually between the verb and the direct object. The volunteersgivechildren free books. The studentsofferedTomhelp with his locker. NancytoldStephanie the secret. BenbroughtWill his soccer ball.

9. Practice 1Label the subjects and verbs. • There is an amazing biodiversity within the Amazon rainforest. • Does the forest really cover about a third of South America? • In this lush environment live countless species. • Learn about some of them by researching online. • Below the canopy are slender trees resembling poles. • Think about the importance of the Amazon rain forest.

10. Practice 1 --Answers • There is an amazing biodiversitywithin the Amazon rainforest. • Does the forest really coverabout a thirdof South America? • In this lush environment live countless species. • (YOU) Learnabout some of them by researching online. • Below the canopy are slender trees resembling poles. • (YOU) Think about the importance of the Amazon rain forest.

11. PracticeLabel the subject, verb, pa, pn, do, and io. • Caves fascinate many people. • Scientists known as speleologists study these formations. • Amateur spelunkers explore caves as a hobby. • The bizarre landscape gives explorers a thrill. • Guides show visitors the spectacular limestone pillars. • Death Valley is one of California’s fascinating sites. • To some, the valley looks desolate and lifeless. • However, it has become a tourist magnet due to its warm climate.

12. Practice –Answerssubject, verb, pa, pn, do, io • Cavesfascinate many people. • Scientists known as speleologists study these formations. • Amateur spelunkersexplorecaves as a hobby. • The bizarre landscapegives explorers a thrill. • Guidesshowvisitors the spectacular limestone pillars. • Death Valley isone of California’s fascinating sites. • To some, the valleylooksdesolate and lifeless. • However, ithas become a tourist magnet due to its warm climate