Parts of the Sentence

1. Parts of the Sentence Review

2. Ernest Hemingway wrote in a terse style. The chef prepared lasagna. I brought my brother a souvenir from my trip. I chose the color purple. My favorite food is goulash. She stores the onions in the cellar.

3. PHRASES • add more detail to a sentence that an adjective or adverb alone cannot convey • Definition a group of words that does not include a subject and verb and cannot stand alone as a sentence • 5 kinds of phrases: prepositional, appositive, participial, gerund, and infinitive

4. What do phrases include? • Headword (which names the phrase) + other words (adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositional phrases, etc.) • Prepositional phrase headword = preposition • Appositive phrase headword = appositive • Gerund phrase headword = gerund

5. What function do they serve? • phrases ACT LIKE adjectives and adverbs…they give more detail about the parts of the sentence (subject, verb, direct/indirect objects, object complements, predicate nouns)

6. APPOSITIVE PHRASES • Definition  noun or pronoun (appositive headword) + modifiers (adjectives, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases) that adds information to a sentence • Function IDENTIFYING or RENAMING some noun or pronoun in the sentence. They rename…

7. Ernest Hemingway, a famous author, wrote in a terse style. The chef prepared lasagna, an Italian dish. I brought my brother, a boy of six, a souvenir from my trip. I chose the color purple, an unusual color. My favorite food is goulash, a hearty stew. She stores the onions in the cellar, a cool, dry place.

8. APPOSITIVE PHRASES • Definition  noun or pronoun (appositive headword) with modifiers (adjectives, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases) that adds information to a sentence • Function IDENTIFYING or RENAMING some noun or pronoun in the sentence. They rename the subject, direct object, indirect object, object complement, predicate noun, noun/pronoun in a prepositional phrase

9. Punctuation of Appositives • If the information is essential to the meaning of the sentence, do not place commas around the appositive The popular US president John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches. • Essential Information: Without the appositive, the sentence would be, "The popular US president was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches." We wouldn't know who the president is without the appositive.

10. Punctuation of Appositives • If the sentence would be clear and complete without the appositive, then commas are necessary; place one before and one after the appositive. John Kennedy, the popular US president, was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches. • Non-Essential: Without the appositive, the sentence would be, "John Kennedy was known for his eloquent and inspirational speeches." We still know who the subject of the sentence is without the appositive.

11. Identify Appositives & Appositive Phrases Anna Maria, a new student from Nicaragua, likes science class. The Hays High Steppers, our school dance team, will be holding auditions this afternoon. 3. My sister Mona talked about farming, her new obsession.

12. 4. My friend John just got a new car, a 2001 Volvo. 5. Nigel, her cousin, will enroll at NC State, the best vet school in the country. 6. The next book in the series is the best one, Curious George Goes to the Zoo.

13. 7. She is practicing calligraphy, a form of writing. 8. Her parents are sending her on a European trip, a generous gift. 9. Mrs. Wu, my English teacher, is introducing gerunds.