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Organic Chemistry

H. H. H. H. C. C. C. H. H. H. H. C. C. H. C. H. H. H. C. H. O. C. H. H. H. C. C. H. H. C. H. C. C. C. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. Organic Chemistry. Compare and contrast inorganic and organic chemistry. Describe the structural characteristics of carbon.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. H H H H C C C H H H H C C H C H H H C H O C H H H C C H H C H C C C H H H H H H H Organic Chemistry

  2. Compare and contrast inorganic and organic chemistry. • Describe the structural characteristics of carbon. • Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes • Include: branchedalkanes, structuralisomers • Additional KEY Terms • distillation saturated

  3. Carbon is 1% of all elements found on Earth. • Chemicals are either organic and inorganic. • 13 million known compounds only 100 000 are classified as inorganic. • Organic: • All carbon containing covalent compounds. • Except: CO, CO2, CS2, and all ionic carbon compounds. • Plastics, all fuels, drugs, rubber, clothes, carbohydrates, fats and proteins (anything alive).

  4. Naturally occurring organic compounds are made of decomposed animals and plants – FOSSIL FUELS. Petroleum(Latin -‘petra’ (rock) and ‘oleum’ (oil) ) crude oil Industrial distillationis the process of using boiling pointto separate crude oil into organic compounds. Items made from oil are called petro- products.

  5. C1 to C6 C6 to C15 C15 to C18 C18 to C24

  6. Typical Distillation Towers at Shell oil refineries

  7. A carbon atom has four valence electrons. It will form 4 covalent bonds to fill valence shell Hydrogen only needs to form 1 covalent bond (1e-) H H The simplest organic compounds contain only single covalent bonds. C H H Methane CH4

  8. Alkanes · distinguished by C-C single covalent bonds · general formula Cn H2n+2 · considered saturated(all single bonds) Propane C3H8 H H H C - C - C H H Methane CH4 H H H

  9. Propane C3H8 H H H H H H H C C C H H H H C - C - C H H H H H

  10. IUPAC Naming International Union of Pure And Applied Chemistry

  11. Longest continuous carbon chain is the parentchain. Parent chain is named as the number of carbons and suffix “ane” Methane CH4 Ethane CH3CH3 Propane CH3CH2CH3 Butane CH3CH2CH2CH3 Pentane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 Hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Heptane C7H16 Octane C8H18 Nonane C9H20 Decane C10H22

  12. C3H8MolecularFormula CH3CH2CH3Condensed Formula C – C – C Carbon Skeleton CH3 – CH2 – CH3Structural Formula Complete Structural H H H C - C - C H H H H H

  13. Draw all the formula types for pentane. C5H10Molecular CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3Condensed C – C – C – C – C Carbon Skeleton CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3Structural Complete

  14. C8H18Molecular CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3Condensed C – C – C – C – C – C – C – C Skeleton CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 –CH3Structural Complete Draw all the formula types for octane. H H H H H H H H C - C - C - C - C - C - C - C H H H H H H H H H H

  15. CAN YOU / HAVE YOU? • Compare and contrast inorganic and organic chemistry. • Describe the structural characteristics of carbon. • Name, draw, and construct structural models of alkanes • Include: branchedalkanes, structuralisomers • Additional KEY Terms • distillation saturated

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