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Circulatory system

Circulatory system. Heart, blood vessels, and blood. Your Heart. Protected by pericardium ( protective tissue) Myocardium – muscle that pumps the blood through the body Average 72 / min Fills an Olympic sized pool in one year. Two sides: separated by septum Atrium: receives blood

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Circulatory system

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  1. Circulatory system Heart, blood vessels, and blood

  2. Your Heart • Protected by pericardium (protective tissue) • Myocardium – muscle that pumps the blood through the body • Average 72 / min • Fills an Olympic sized pool in one year

  3. Two sides: separated by septum • Atrium: receives blood • Ventricle: pumps blood out • 2 atria and 2 ventricles (4 heart chambers) Septum

  4. Right Side • Pumps blood from heart to lungs • Pulmonary Circulation • CO2 leaves through lungs and O2 is absorbed • Goes to left side • This blood is Oxygen Poor (needs O2)

  5. Left Side • Pumps to body • Systemic Circulation • Takes O2 to the body through arteries • This blood is Oxygen RICH (has O2) • Where did Oxygen come from? • LUNGS!

  6. Process: • Blood enters heart through R and L atria • Heart contracts • Blood flows into ventricles to either body or lungs • VALVES: between atria and ventricles • Blood keeps valves open • When ventricles contract, they close, THIS PREVENTS BLOOD FROM FLOWING BACK INTO THE ATRIA

  7. Heartbeat • Sinoatrial node in R atrium contracts and spreads to atria, the impulse is picked up by the atrioventricular node which tells muscle fibers to contract • Atria contracts: blood flows from atria to ventricles • Ventricle contracts: blood flows out of heart • Animation of human heart beating

  8. Blood Vessels • Arteries – large from heart to tissues • Carry oxygen-rich blood • Pulmonary carries oxygen-poor • Capillaries – smallest, narrow, bring nutrients and oxygen, absorb waste • Veins – returns blood to heart for more O2 • Go against gravity, exercise helps flow • Varicose veins – pooling blood in veins

  9. Blood Pressure • The heart produces pressure • Contracting makes fluid pressure in arteries • The force of blood on the artery wall is blood pressure • Health Animations - Diseases and Conditions - Animation: What is Hypertension?

  10. Blood Pressure • Measured with sphygmomanometer • Systolic # = force from contracting arteries • Diastolic # = force of blood from ventricles relaxing • 120/80 = typical • Regulating BP: medulla oblongata regulates • High bp = smooth muscles in vessels relax • Low bp = muscles contract

  11. Whatcha need to know • Contractions of the heart cause blood pressure • Heart valves prevent backflow of blood in the circulatory system • Draw and label figure 37-3 (p. 945) FULL PAGE • Extra Credit: Draw and label fig. 37-2 • Workbook Pages 437-446

  12. Blood • Plasma • Hemoglobin • Lymphocyte • Platelet • Lymph

  13. What is in blood? • Cells (45%) • Plasma (55%) • Plasma is 90% water and 10% other (gases, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste, proteins)

  14. Facts on blood: • Has dissolved substances • Specialized cells • Carries oxygen and nutrients and waste • Regulates body temperature • Fights infections • Repairs damaged vessels

  15. Red Blood Cells • Erythrocytes • Made in bone marrow • Transport oxygen • Hemoglobin = red color has Iron (Fe) protein that binds to Oxygen in lungs, takes to body • Disk shape and thin along edge • Last about 120 days, destroyed in liver and spleen

  16. White Blood Cells • Leukocyte • No hemoglobin • Less common • Formed in bone marrow, have nuclei • Live for days to years • Fight infection, parasites and attack bacteria (army)

  17. Phagocyte • Eating cells • Engulf or digest bacteria • Chemical warfare – histamines react to foreign things, cause blood flow to increase, redness and swelling (allergy)

  18. Lymphocyte • Immune response • B-lymphocyte make antibodies • T-lymphocyte fight tumors and viruses

  19. Platelet • Help with clotting • Piece of a cell in bone marrow • Stick to broken blood vessel • Release protein to clot the blood

  20. Summary White Blood Cell Red Blood Cell Platelet

  21. Respiratory System Exchanges Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide

  22. Structures involved • Nose • Cilia / mucus • Pharynx • Air & food • Trachea • Air • epiglottis • Lungs • Bronchus (to lungs) • Bronchioles • Alveolus • Gas exchange • Diaphragm

  23. Gas Exchange • Inhaled air • 21% Oxygen • 0.04% Carbon Dioxide • Exhaled air • <15% O2 • 4% CO2 • Lungs take about ¼ of Oxygen you inhale • Hemoglobin: protein that carries O2 in blood • Increases blood’s ability to carry O2 by 60 times!

  24. Breathing • Diaphragm is the muscle • Nervous system / medulla oblongata controls • Monitors CO2 and forces impulse to breathe • Lungs bring Oxygen into body, Blood distributes Oxygen to organs

  25. Prompt: You want to donate blood to help save lives. You know that healthy people can donate blood and unhealthy people cannot. You learn that your WHITE blood cell count is high and you are not allowed to donate blood. The next day you wake up with a fever, runny nose and feel achy all over. Explain in terms of blood what happened to you.

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