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Motion in the ocean

Explore the unique properties of water and its importance in the ocean ecosystem. Learn about the different states of water, dissolved minerals and gases, transparency, pressure, surface currents, and more.

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Motion in the ocean

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  1. Motion in the ocean Chapter 3

  2. Water is the coolest molecule • Water exists in 3 states: solid, liquid and gas • It is held together by hydrogen bonds • It has unique properties such as surface tension and capillary action

  3. Ice insulates the water below Provides an ecological niche Ice floats on water. This is critical to our planets survival

  4. SeaWater • Contains more than just salt NaCl • Weathering and erosion from land wash large amounts of minerals into the sea • Hydrothermal vents bring minerals to the surface • For every 100 g of seawater there are 3.5 g of minerals • 85% of these minerals are NaCl, but K+, Mg+2, SO4-2, Ca+2, HCO3-1, Sr+2,F-1 and H3BO4-1 ions are all included

  5. Dissolved gases • Nitrogen and Carbon dioxide and oxygen are dissolved gases critical to life in the ocean • While most solids dissolve better in warm water, gases dissolve better in cold water • This is critical for life in the ocean, and to life on the land • The phytoplankton need CO2 for photosynthesis to produce O2 for us.

  6. Transparency • Sea water is relatively transparent • Sunlight can penetrate the water • Suspended solids and plants cut light transmision • Blue light penetrates the deepest because it is the most energetic, red the least

  7. Pressure • Each 33 ft adds an additional atmosphere of pressure • Gases are compressed • Gas filled organs such as bladders and lungs are compressed

  8. Surface circulation • Coriolis effect: because of earths rotation, water in the northern hemisphere will move to the right and water in the southern hemisphere will move to the left. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wda7azMvabE&feature=related • Wind patterns are driven by the heat of the sun. warming equatorial air moves up, sucking cooler air from the north in to replace it. This causes movement of air called the trade winds. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hu_Ga0JYFNg&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w_8mw-1HYFg&feature=related

  9. Surface currents • Wind fields of the atmosphere push the sea creating currents. • The wind direction does not equal the surface direction because the coriolis effect bends the direction • The water moves in huge circular patterns called gyres • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YCorkyBe66o

  10. Current density • Cold water is more dense than warm water because the molecules are closer together • Salinity: higher salt content makes water more dense…this occurs at the polar ice caps as the water freezes out the salt • Also evaporation leads to more salty water http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuOX23yXhZ8&feature=relmfu

  11. Ocean temperatures

  12. Waves • Wind causes waves • The top is called a crest , the bottom is the trough • Wavelength is the distance between 2 crests • The number of wave passing a point in a given time is the period of the wave • The fetch is the span of water over which the wind is blowing

  13. Vertical Motion • The water column is divided into three zones: surface layer, intermediate layer and the deep layer • All layers are controlled by salinity and temperature

  14. Changes in the layers • Seasonal sunlight penetration, warms the water and it becomes less dense • Dense saline water sinks • Very cold water sinks • Wind can cause changes

  15. Buffer solution, a solution which reduces the change of pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base, or upon dilution • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUadxcKtH-g&playnext=1&list=PLEEF8C04CD2B9ACD0 • <iframe title="YouTube video player" width="480" height="390" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/KUadxcKtH-g" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe> • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ANacc8saHvw

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