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Ocean Motion

Ocean Motion. Charles P. Elms Section 1 – Ocean Water Section 2 – Ocean Currents Section 3 – Ocean Waves and Tides Lab Test. Lesson 1. Section 1 – Ocean Water. What you will learn Origin of seawater How salt and other substances get into seawater The composition of seawater

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Ocean Motion

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  1. Ocean Motion Charles P. Elms Section 1 – Ocean Water Section 2 – Ocean Currents Section 3 – Ocean Waves and Tides Lab Test

  2. Lesson 1 Section 1 – Ocean Water • What you will learn • Origin of seawater • How salt and other substances get into seawater • The composition of seawater • Why it is important • The ocean is a reservoir of valuable food, energy and minerals.

  3. Ocean Resources • Food • All types of fish • Seaweed – Kelp is source for algin used in ice cream, salad dressing, medicine and cosmetics. • Energy • Oil and natural gas from wells drilled in the seafloor • Tides - Water powered electric generation

  4. Ocean Resources • Minerals • Copper and gold mined in shallow waters • One-third of the world’s table salt • Transportation • Millions of tons of freight and oil are transported. • Passenger service • Recreational use

  5. Origin of the Oceans

  6. Origin of the Oceans http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwVU0-2Qnso

  7. In the beginning … God created the heavens and the earth… [Gen 1:1] “God said: Let there be a dome in the middle of the waters, to separate one body of water from the other. God made the dome, and it separated the water below the dome from the water above the dome. And so it happened. God called the dome ‘sky.’” [Gen 1:6-8]

  8. “…God said: Let the water under the sky be gathered into a single basin, so that the dry land may appear. And so it happened: the water under the sky was gathered into its basin, and the dry land appeared. God called the dry land ‘earth,’ and the basin of water he called ‘sea.’” [Gen 1:9-10]

  9. Earth’s First Billions of Years • Lots of volcanic activity as earth cooled • Volcanoes spewed lava, ash, water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrorgen and other gases. • Scientist’s hypothesize that 4 billion years ago the water vapor began to be stored in the early atmosphere. “God made the dome, and it separated the water below the dome from the water above the dome. And so it happened. God called the dome ‘sky.’” [Gen 1:7-8]

  10. Over millions of years it cooled enough to form storm clouds. • Torrential rains began to fall. • Oceans were formed as the water filled the low areas on Earth – called “basins.” • Today 70% of earth’s surface is covered by water. “…God said: Let the water under the sky be gathered into a single basin, so that the dry land may appear. And so it happened: the water under the sky was gathered into its basin, and the dry land appeared. God called the dry land ‘earth,’ and the basin of water he called ‘sea.’” [Gen 1:9-10]

  11. Composition of Oceans

  12. Dissolved Gases • Oxygen • needed for sea creatures to breathe • comes directly from atmosphere and from organisms that photosynthesize • Carbon dioxide • Needed for ocean plant life • comes from atmosphere and organisms that respire • Nitrogen • only comes from atmosphere • Bacteria combine nitrogen and oxygen to create nitrates that are nutrients for plants

  13. Dissolved Salts and Minerals • Coming from rocks that are slowly dissolved by rivers and groundwater • chloride • sodium • sulfate • magnesium • calcium • potassium • From erupting volcanoes • bromide and chloride

  14. CompositionofOceans

  15. Salts • Most abundant elements • Hydrogen and oxygen, H2O – water • 96.5 % • When seawater evaporates sodium and chloride ions combine to form “halite” • Halite = “table salt” • Salinity – a measure of amount of salt in water • 35 g salt / 1000 g water of dissolved salt • 35 ppt (3.5%)

  16. Average = 35 ppt (parts per thousand)

  17. Removal of Elements • Composition is “steady state” • While rivers and volcanoes continue to add elements, these elements are constantly removed. • Elements precipitate out as sediment • Some marine organisms remove elements as body parts • Sea shells use calcium • Algae use silicon

  18. Desalination • Evaporation • Example – white powder on your skin after swimming in the ocean • 80 % of our fresh non-salty water evaporates from the oceans • 20 % of fresh water evaporates from rivers and lakes • A simple natural means to remove salt to create drinking water • Reverse Osmosis • Use of a membrane to remove salt

  19. Simple Evaporative Desalination

  20. Reverse Osmosis • Reverse osmosis (RO) is a membrane-technology filtration method: • removes many types of large molecules and ions from solutions, • by applying pressure to the solution when it is on one side of a selective membrane. • The result is: • the solute (eg, salt) is retained on the pressurized side of the membrane • the pure solvent (eg. water) is allowed to pass to the other side.

  21. Reverse Osmosis System 1: Sea water inflow,2: Fresh water flow (40%),3: Concentrate flow (60%),4: Sea water flow (60%),5: Concentrate (drain),A: High pressure pump flow (40%),B: Circulation pump,C: Osmosis unit with membrane,D: Pressure exchanger

  22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2DGEBOx-XY

  23. Homework • Teach Lesson 1 to: • Your parents, or • Your brother or sister • Read Section 2 of Chapter 18 • Be ready to answer my questions about Section 1

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