Diversity of Living Things

1. Diversity of Living Things 7th Grade Science 2010

2. Why is teamwork important? Multicellular Organisms

3. In multicellular organisms the cells are specialized. This means that different jobsare done by different cells. 1. The different cells must work together for the organism to survive. Multicellular Organisms

4. 2. Cells of the same type are organized into tissue (a group of cells that work together) a. For example, muscle cells together make up muscle tissue A close up view of muscle tissue made up of many muscle cells Levels of Organization

5. 3. A structure that is made up of different tissues is called an organ a. Organs have specialized functions b. For example your heart is an organ made up of muscle tissue and nervous tissue working together What other organs can you think of? Levels of Organization

6. 4. Here’s how they work together: a. The muscle tissues in your heart pump the blood to your body. b. The nervous tissues in your heart tells the heart when to pump. Levels of Organization

7. 5. Many organs work together to make up an Organ System • Organ systems work together. For example the respiratory system works with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. • When you breath, oxygen is brought into the lungs, blood from the circulatory system picks oxygen and then oxygen rich blood is pumped from the heart, out to the cells in the body. As oxygen rich blood is delivered carbon dioxide is picked up and blood with carbon dioxide is pumped back to the lungs. The carbon dioxide is released when you exhale. Levels of Organization

8. c. Organ systems work together. For example the respiratory system works with the circulatory system to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. d. When you breath, oxygen is brought into the lungs, blood from the circulatory system picks oxygen and then oxygen rich blood is pumped from the heart, out to the cells in the body. As oxygen rich blood is delivered carbon dioxide is picked up and blood with carbon dioxide is pumped back to the lungs. The carbon dioxide is released when you exhale. Organ systems

9. The Nervous System – enables a response to changing conditions • The Muscular System– produces movement and supplies heat • The Respiratory System– Takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide • The Circulatory System– delivers oxygen and removes carbon dioxide • The Digestive System– breaks down food into a usable form Organ Systems found in Animals

10. 6. All of the organ systems working togethermake up an organism Organisms

11. 3 Kingdoms of Multicellular organisms A. Plants B. Animals C. Fungi Multicellular Organisms Why isn’t bacteria on here?

12. I. What are Plants? • Plants areautotrophs, this means they can make their own food. • Plants make their food through a process called photosynthesis. During photosynthesis plants use sunlight and water and carbon dioxide from their environment to make sugar, carbon compound, and oxygen. • The plant uses the sugars produced for energy and growth Multicellular Organism: Kingdom Plants

13. II. Plant’s Systems The organs of the plant that work together during photosynthesis are the roots, stems, and leaves. • The roots bring the water, from the soil. They also help anchorthe plant in place. • The stem supports the leaves and hold them up to the sun • The leaves take in the carbon dioxide from the air, and release oxygen into the air • Photosynthesis takes place in the leavesof the plant Multicellular Organism: Kingdom Plants

14. III. Plants adapt and respond to their environment • Roots, stems and leaves are all adaptationsthat enable plants to live on land. Think about this…what would happen if plants did not have roots? • Plants have different types of leaves depending on what environment they live in. • Coniferous trees ( like the pine tree) have needle shaped leaves that help it stay green throughout the year. They can live in places where it gets cold. • Deciduous trees ( like the maple) lose their leaves when the temperature gets cold Plants adapt and respond to their environment

15. Plants react to 3 stimuli – something that produces a response from an organism • gravity – helps trees have a sense of up and down. Roots will always grow down and stems will always grow up. What happens if a young plant is on its side? Plants adapt and respond to their environment

16. Adaptation to Gravity

17. touch– some have special stems called Tendrils that will allow them to wrap around an object. Plants adapt and respond to their environment

18. light– Stems and leaves will always grow toward light. Plants adapt and respond to their environment

19. I. What are Animals? • All animals are consumers • All animals are heterotrophs • Consumer and heterotrophs both mean that they are organisms that need to eat other organisms, they do not make their own food The multicellular organism: Kingdom Animals

20. Animals can be divided up based on what they eat • Herbivores – eat plants and algae The multicellular organism: Kingdom Animals

21. Carnivores– Eat other animals The multicellular organism: Kingdom Animals

22. Omnivores– eat both plants and animals The multicellular organism: Kingdom Animals

23. II. Animals interact with their environment • Any observable response to a stimulus is called a behavior, for example a lion chasing a antelope is a behavior • Some behaviors areinherited, meaning they are present from birth • Other behaviors are learned Animals interact with their Environment

24. Behaviors fall into 3 categories • 1) Individual Behaviors– meeting basic needs like finding food and shelter • 2) Social Behaviors– interaction among animals of the same species, Ex) parenting, attracting a mate • 3) Interactions among animals of differentspecies Animals interact with their Environment

25. Interactions among different species usually involve searching for food • Predator– animal that hunts other animals for food • Prey– Animal that is being hunted Animals interact with their Environment

26. Animals are affected by the changing of the seasons • migration– movement of animals to a different region in response to an environmental change • hibernation – sleeplike state that lasts an extended period of time. The body systems slow down so the animals need less energy to survive. Animals interact with their Environment

27. Animals and Plants Reproduce • Most multicellular organisms reproduce sexually • Sexual reproduction – genetic material from two parents comes together. • Sexual reproduction is what allows for diversity in multicellular organisms • Sexual reproduction involves two processes Reproduction in Animals and Plants

28. Meiosis – a form of cell division that produces sperm cells in males and egg cells in females • Fertilization – when sperm and egg unite to form daughter cell Reproduction in Animals and Plants

29. I. What are Fungi? • Fungi are heterotrophs • They decompose parts of living things to make their food Multicellular organism: Kingdom Fungi

30. Multicellular fungi are different from plants and animals • Fungi do not have tissues or organs • Fungi are made up of threadlike cell structures called hyphae • A mass of hyphae together are called mycelia • The hyphae release chemicals to digest materials around them. The multicellular organism: Kingdom Fungi

31. II. There are 3 types of Fungi • Mushrooms – the cap is where the spores are produced. • Some are edible and some are poisonous • Molds – “fuzzy” growth we see on food. This is the part that produces the spore • Yeasts – are single celled fungi, but can be in the form of multicellularhyphae Types of Fungi

32. III. Fungi Reproduction • Reproduction in fungi can be asexual or sexual • Fungi reproduce with Spores – a single reproductive cell capable of growing into a new organism. • Spores are spread through the air • The mushroom that you see is the reproductive structure that holds the spores Fungi Reproduction

33. IV. Fungi Uses • Fungi can be helpful to plants • They break down materials and release nutrients back into the soil for plants to use. • Hyphae from fungi can grow around roots of plants and provide lots of nutrients for the plants The multicellular organism: Kingdom Fungi

34. 2. Fungi can also be harmful to plants a. Some Fungi can attack tissues of plants by using harmful toxins and chemicals, destroying or damaging the plant. The multicellular organism: Kingdom Fungi