1 / 21

Diversity of Living Things

Diversity of Living Things. 3.3 The Animals. Characteristics. Characteristics of animals different from plants and fungi - Eukaryotes - Motile - Heterotrophic - Cells have no cell walls. http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/phyla.html.

irina
Download Presentation

Diversity of Living Things

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Diversity of Living Things 3.3 The Animals

  2. Characteristics • Characteristics of animals different from plants and fungi - Eukaryotes - Motile - Heterotrophic - Cells have no cell walls http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/phyla/phyla.html http://www.biobus.gsu.edu/1animal/animalmod.html

  3. Importance of animals • the more we understand about it, the more we understand ourselves (i.e. treatment of human diseases) • food source, consumer products, pollination of food crops, maintaining balance of ecosystems • we shouldn’t just appreciate animals for what they can give to us. The diversity of animals is what makes our planet so amazing!

  4. Phylogeny • Common ancestor of all animals thought to be colonial, flagellated protist living 700 mya http://sr2.k12.mo.us/rhoover/biology%20lectures/Kingdom%20Animalia.htm

  5. Phylogeny • All modern-day animals have nerves except for phylum Porifera https://runkle-science.wikispaces.com/ALS

  6. Classification • The animal kingdom is diverse, and a number of broad characteristics are used for classification of animals

  7. 1. Body Symmetry • Radial and bilateral • Radial =body arranged around a central axis • bilateral =left and right side of body are mirror images of each other • Related to lifestyle and brain development http://www.occc.edu/biologylabs/Documents/Animals_2/Symmetry.htm

  8. 2. Number/ Origin of Openings • One or two openings • Bilateral: Protostomes (mouth forms before the anus) and Deuterostomes (anus forms before the mouth)

  9. 3. Number of germ layers • Have between 1-3 germ layers which are ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm

  10. 4. Presence or absence of coelom • Also classified based on possession of coelom (body cavity containing internal organs) • Evolutionary development probably related to increase in animal size http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/labs/animaldiversity.htm

  11. Animal kingdom • Divided into major categories - Invertebrates - no backbone - 95 % of kingdom (more than 30 phyla) - Vertebrates - have a backbone (for at least part of their lives) - 5 % of kingdom (1 phylum: Chordata)

  12. The simplest invertebrates • Found in phyla Porifera and Cnidaria http://www.biology4kids.com/misc/cnidaria.html http://science.kennesaw.edu/~jdirnber/InvertZoo/LecPorifera/Porif.html

  13. Porifera • Include 8000 species of sponges • Have simple body with flagellated cells called choanocytes responsible for capturing food • Most are hermaphrodites • Most are marine, some live in freshwater • Ecological roles : food and shelter http://www.blc.arizona.edu/courses/schaffer/182/Sponge.htm

  14. Cnidaria • Includes 9000 species • Radial symmetry • Simplest animals to have nerve, muscle, digestive and reproductive tissues • Coral animals make external skeletons of calcium carbonate which form coral reefs http://www.coral.org/node/3949 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=60jof35WuAo&feature=related

  15. The Protostome Invertebrates • most animal species are in this group which contains 6 phyla (See Table 1 on p. 100) • members show diverse range of body plans and life cycles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Caribbean_reef_squid.jpg

  16. Human interactions with protostomes • Have positive and negative effects • Competition for food • Destruction of commercially valuable crops • Cause of human diseases • Vectors for human diseases • Food source • Pollination of food crops by insects

  17. The Deuterostomes • Include two main groups: echinoderms and chordates http://www.palaeos.com/Invertebrates/Deuterostomia/Deuterostomia.htm

  18. Echinoderms - Invertebrates • Includes 6500 species • Display same embryonic development as vertebrates • Have digestive and circulatory system, but no respiratory or excretory system • Radial symmetry, no head region http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/16anim5.htm

  19. Vertebrates – Phylum Chordata • Includes fish, amphibians, mammals, reptiles and birds • Most complex living organisms since they have vertebra, paired appendages, endoskeleton, large coelom, complex heart and circulatory system and more highly developed brain and sensory system • Ability to live on land is due to evolution of amniotic egg http://www.feenixx.com/science/life_science_revolution.htm

  20. Success of vertebrates • Have dorsal nerve cord surrounded by spinal cord and cranium which protects brain • Have most advanced organ systems and most complex behaviours • Those that are fish have enlarged brain and vertebrate skeleton to help them be strong swimmers

  21. Success of vertebrates cont’d • land-dwelling vertebrates have limbs, protective outer skin, enhanced lungs and circulatory systems, internal fertilization and eggs with outer shells that allow them to survive on land http://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/heredity-evolution/evolution-stages.php

More Related