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Forestry & Society Boreal Forests. HORT/RGSC 302 J.G. Mexal Spring 2005. Forestry & Society Boreal Forests:Outline. Definition Diversity Important Species Carbon budgeting. Forestry & Society World Forest Zones/ Sharma 1992. Boreal. Temperate mixed. Temperate evergreen. Tropical rain.
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Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests HORT/RGSC 302 J.G. Mexal Spring 2005
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests:Outline • Definition • Diversity • Important Species • Carbon budgeting
Forestry & SocietyWorld Forest Zones/ Sharma 1992 Boreal Temperate mixed Temperate evergreen Tropical rain Tropical dry Tropical deciduous
Forestry & SocietySpecies Diversity- Tree Species • Canada >50oN Picea (4 species) • Canada >45oN Pinus (9 species) • USA 25-50oN Pinus (37 species) • Mexico 15-30oN Pinus (80 species) • Brazil 10oS 100’s species /ha • Tierra del Fuego55oS Nothofagus (3 species)
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests: Definition • Northern Arctic Forests • 15% of land surface area • Location: >45oN latitude • also Nothofagus forests in So. Amer. & NZ • Precipitation:40-90 cm(15-35”)[snow] • Temperature: mean annual T =-3 to -10oC • Soils: highly glaciated, thin
Forestry & SocietyBorealForests-Growth Comparison Black Spruce 163 yrs Eucalyptus 2yrs 25 mm 25 mm
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forest of North America 60o 50o Science Findings 40:2001
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests-Important Canadian-US Species • Black spruce (Picea mariana) • White spruce (Picea glauca) • Balsam fir (Abies balsamea) • Jack pine (Pinus banksiana) • Aspen (Populus tremuloides) • Tamarack (Larix laricina) • Paper birch (Betula papyifera)
Forestry & SocietySE Alaska Forests (Tongass NF)/PNW-GTR 609, 2004
Forests of Russia/J.For. 101(4):34:2003 Boreal forest/taigas Temperate broadleaf & mixed forests Temperate conifer forest
Forests of Russia/J.For. 101(4):34:2003 Removal (KK m3/yr) Major Species: Pinus silvestris, Larix sibirica Larix gmelinii, Picea obovata Abies sibirica, Pinus sibirica Betual pendula, Populus tremula Year
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forest of North America Natural Regeneration of black spruce ~5cm/yr ~15cm/yr Science Findings 40:2001
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests-Important Canadian-US Species /Coombes 1992 Picea mariana Black spruce
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests-Important Canadian-US Species/Coombes 1992 Larix laricina
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests-Important Canadian-US Species/Coombes 1992 Betula papyrifera Paper birch
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests-Southern Hemisphere Species/Coombes 1992
Forestry & SocietyTropical Forests- Boreal Forests/ Longman & Jenik 1987 Annual Carbon Capture
Forestry & SocietyForests of the World/ Litter & nutrient residence time (yrs)/Kozlowski & Pallardy 1999
0.70 Strong Positive Positive Near Zero Negative Strong Negative Ps (Pg/yr) 0.60 0.50 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Climate Change in Boreal Forests/www.whrc.org/resources/published_literature/pdf/BunnetalEarthInt.06.pdf Annual Fires (AK and NA)
Forestry & SocietyBoreal Forests--Review Questions • Compare and contrast the carbon budgets of a tropical, temperate, and boreal forest. Don’t memorize numbers, just give concepts and relative differences. • What is a boreal forest? Where does it occur? What is the climate? • What are some of the major species in a boreal forest?