The Neuron REVIEW GAME

1. The NeuronREVIEW GAME See also the NOTES documents posted online at our wikispace, the online self-quizzes posted at our wikispace,and all assignments and materials related to cell structure (Cells Alive!!! Assignment!!!), and to diffusion and osmosis (LABS!!!)

2. Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron below. A. B. C. D. E. F. G.

3. Identify each of the labeled structures of the neuron below. A. dendrites B. nucleus C. cell body D. axon E. axon endings F. nodes of Ranvier G. Schwann cells/myelin sheath

4. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION. The ___________ of a neuron contains the DNA and is the “control center” of the cell. The ___________ of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cellular organelles.

5. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION. The nucleusof a neuron contains the DNA and is the “control center” of the cell. The cell body of a neuron contains the nucleus and most of the cellular organelles.

6. Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION. Signals “come in” to the neuron through the ________, and travel “out” of the neuron along the ________, at the end of which the __________ contact the next neuron in the communication chain.

7. Fill in the blanks in the sentence below with the NAME of the STRUCTURE of a NEURON that provides the described FUNCTION. Signals “come in” to the neuron through the dendrites, and travel “out” of the neuron along the axon, at the end of which the axon endings contact the next neuron in the communication chain.

8. Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall?  plant cells bacterial cells Fungi animal cells

9. Which of the following do NOT have a cell wall?  plant cells bacterial cells Fungi animal cells

10. The plasma membrane is composed of  a single layer of proteins a phospholipid bi-layer a carbohydrate bi-layer a single layer of lipids

11. The plasma membrane is composed of  a single layer of proteins a phospholipid bi-layer a carbohydrate bi-layer a single layer of lipids

12. This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. Nucleus Ribosome Vacuole Cytoplasm

13. This organelle stores the DNA in a eukaryotic cell. Nucleus Ribosome Vacuole Cytoplasm

14. Which of the following is the energy supplier in eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNA Lysosome Mitochondria Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum ribosome

15. Which of the following is the energy supplier in eukaryotic cells; this organelle contains its own DNA Lysosome Mitochondria Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum ribosome

16. This organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell division; the spindle fibers attach to it.  vacuole chloroplast nucleus ribosome centriole

17. This organelle is found in animal cells and is used in cell division; the spindle fibers attach to it.  vacuole chloroplast nucleus ribosome centriole

18. Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell? Lysosome Chloroplast Mitochondria Golgi body

19. Which of the following is an enzyme filled organelle for breaking down waste in the cell? Lysosome Chloroplast Mitochondria Golgi body

20. The major job of the ribosome is to  make fats make proteins break down proteins make sugars

21. The major job of the ribosome is to  make fats make proteins break down proteins make sugars

22. What is a semi-permeable membrane?  A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through. A membrane that is different on each side. A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others. A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass through.

23. What is a semi-permeable membrane?  A membrane that allows all molecules to pass through. A membrane that is different on each side. A membrane that allows some molecules to pass through but not others. A membrane that doesn't allow any molecules to pass through.

24. The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best described as  a single lipid layer an impenetrable barrier. a rigid, strong layer protecting the cell a lipid bi-layer.

25. The STRUCTURE of the plasma membrane is best described as  a single lipid layer an impenetrable barrier. a rigid, strong layer protecting the cell a lipid bi-layer.

26. The plasma membrane is referred to as a “fluid mosaic” because it is made up of a) phospholipids and cellulose b) nucleic acids and proteins c) phospholipids and proteins d) proteins and cellulose

27. The plasma membrane is referred to as a “fluid mosaic” because it is made up of a) phospholipids and cellulose b) nucleic acids and proteins c) phospholipids and proteins d) proteins and cellulose

28. Plasma membranes are “selectively permeable”. This statement means that a) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane. b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or exit a cell more easily than others. c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane. d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.

29. Plasma membranes are “selectively permeable”. This statement means that a) No substances can enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane. b) The plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or exit a cell more easily than others. c) All substances are able to enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane. d) It is random chance whether a molecule can or cannot enter or exit the cell through the plasma membrane.

30. Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily? small polar molecules small non-polar molecules large polar molecules large non-polar molecules large neutral molecules

31. Which of the following will pass through a cell membrane most easily? small polar molecules small non-polar molecules large polar molecules large non-polar molecules large neutral molecules

32. For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or CANNOTpass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the molecule. CO2: O2: H2O: C6H12O6: K+ : Na+ : Ca2+:

33. For each of following molecules, indicate whether it CAN or CANNOT pass through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane by simple diffusion. Then, for EACH molecule EXPLAIN WHY it can or cannot pass through based upon the SIZE and CHARGE characteristics of the molecule. CO2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALLand NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)! O2: YES! It CAN! It’s both SMALLand NONPOLAR (hydrophobic)! H2O: WATER!!! NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is POLAR (hydrophilic)! C6H12O6: GLUCOSE!!! NO! It CANNOT! It’s both LARGE and POLAR (hydrophilic)! K+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)! Na+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)! Ca2+: NO! It CANNOT! Yes, it’s SMALL, but it is an ION with a CHARGE (hydrophilic)!

34. Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. water molecules across a membrane. gas molecules across a membrane. gas or water molecules across a membrane.

35. Simple diffusion is defined as the movement of molecules from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. molecules from areas of lower concentration to areas of higher concentration. water molecules across a membrane. gas molecules across a membrane. gas or water molecules across a membrane.

36. The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following? Temperature Size of molecules Steepness of the concentration gradient A, B and C

37. The rate of diffusion is affected by which of the following? Temperature Size of molecules Steepness of the concentration gradient A, B and C

38. When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state: the movement of all molecules stops completely molecules continue to move but in equal parts a hypertonic solution is formed none of the above

39. When the process of diffusion reaches an equilibrium state: the movement of all molecules stops completely molecules continue to move but in equal parts a hypertonic solution is formed none of the above

40. Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is TRUE? a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source. b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration gradient. c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented by a concentration gradient. d) None of the above

41. Which of the following statements regarding simple diffusion is TRUE? a) Simple diffusion uses ATP as an energy source. b) Simple diffusion can move a solute against its concentration gradient. c) Simple diffusion is driven by the potential energy represented by a concentration gradient. d) None of the above

42. Which of the following statements regarding active transport is TRUE? a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source. b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient. c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy. d) All of the above

43. Which of the following statements regarding active transport is TRUE? a) Active transport uses ATP as an energy source. b) Active transport can move a solute against its concentration gradient. c) Active transport requires the cell to expend energy. d) All of the above

44. Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE? a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules. b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system. c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated. d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent.

45. Which of the following statements regarding diffusion is FALSE? a) Diffusion is a result of the thermal energy of atoms and molecules. b) Diffusion requires no input of energy into the system. c) Diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are less concentrated to areas where they are more concentrated. d) Diffusion occurs even after equilibrium is reached and no net change is apparent. Statement c above is FALSE: In reality diffusion occurs when particles spread from areas where they are MORE concentrated to areas where they are LESS concentrated, in other words from HIGH to LOW concentration.

46. The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is  facilitated diffusion requires energy facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cell simple diffusion requires energy facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

47. The only DIFFERENCE between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is  facilitated diffusion requires energy facilitated diffusion uses protein channels to move substances in or out of the cell simple diffusion requires energy facilitated diffusion moves substances from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

48. Facilitated diffusion occurs into the cell only. out of the cell only. in either direction depending on the temperature. in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule. in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.

49. Facilitated diffusion occurs into the cell only. out of the cell only. in either direction depending on the temperature. in either direction depending on the concentration gradient of the molecule. in either direction depending on the size of the molecule.

50. Exocytosis is a process by which cells release substances from the cell through pores in the cell membrane. release substances from the cell via vesicles. release substances from the cell via carrier proteins. bring in substances from the outside via vesicles. bring in substances from the outside via pores in the cell membrane.