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MAN and ENVIRONMENT

MAN and ENVIRONMENT. Dr. Sanjay Pandit MD. Clip 1. Do We Really Need to Save the Earth???. Clip 2. Earth Timeline. 4,600,000,000 yrs ago earth formation 2,800,000,000 yrs ago microbial life 500,000,000 yrs ago first modern phyla 225,000,000 yrs ago dinosaurs arrive

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MAN and ENVIRONMENT

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  1. MANandENVIRONMENT Dr. Sanjay Pandit MD

  2. Clip 1

  3. Do We Really Need to Save the Earth???

  4. Clip 2

  5. Earth Timeline 4,600,000,000 yrs ago earth formation 2,800,000,000 yrs ago microbial life 500,000,000 yrs ago first modern phyla 225,000,000 yrs ago dinosaurs arrive 66,000,000 yrs ago dinosaurs extinct 250,000 yrs ago first humans 50,000 yrs ago humans with traits

  6. Mass extinctions End Ordovician: 444 m yrs ago Late Devonian: 375 m yrs ago End Permian: 251 m yrs ago End Triassic: 200 m yrs ago End Cretaceous: 66 m yrs ago NOW???

  7. SAVEYOURSELF!

  8. Human Beings are dependant on the Environment for their Existence

  9. Requirements for Life: • Air • Water • Food • Energy • Disposal of Waste

  10. Air • Oxygen • CO2. CO • Noxious Gases • Particulate Matter • Industrial, Domestic and Vehicular Pollution • Trees, Forests

  11. Water Planet earth, which can well be called planet water, has about 3/4th of its surface covered with water. But 97.3% of it is available in the form of sea water and only 2.6% as fresh water (of which again 1.74% is in the form of Glaciers and Snow and Ground ice). The past three centuries have shown that the rate of increase in freshwater withdrawals has been almost 4.5 times more than that of the population growth. Global population doubled since 1940 but fresh water usage has risen four folds.

  12. Water Type Volume Percentage of Fresh Total 103 km3 Water Water Oceans 1,338,000 95.79 Saline groundwater 23,560 1.7 Fresh Groundwater 10,530 30.1 0.76 Soil moisture 16.5 0.05 0.001 Glaciers & snow 24,064 68.7 1.72 Ground ice 300 0.86 0.022 Fresh lakes 91 0.26 0.007 Saline lakes 85.4 0.006 Swamps 11.5 0.03 0.0008 Rivers 2.12 0.006 0.0002 Biological 1.12 0.003 0.0001 Atmospheric 12.9 0.04 0.0009 Total fresh (1995) 35,029 100 Total 1,396,674 2.51 100 Global Water Quantities(Shiklomanov, 1995) • 0.7822%

  13. Survival 5 Sanitation 15 - 25 Bathing 10 to 100 Food 10 to 20 Total (lcd) 40 to 150 Total (m3/cap/year) 15 to 60 Use for forecasting urban needs (m 3 /cap/yr) 100 For food production (m 3 /cap/yr) 200 to 2,000 Use total for forecasting (m 3 /cap/yr) 2,000 For 10 billion people (km 3 /year) 2,000 Compared to available (km3/year) 47,280 For 10 billion people (% of available) 4% Basic Human NeedsLitres/capaita/day (Icd)

  14. Water Scenario - India (Source : Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. of India, 1999) According to the United Nations criteria, any situation of per capita water availability of less than 1000 m3 is considered as a scarcity condition

  15. National Situation • Inadequate safe water supply • Uneven Distribution creating serious management/investment Problems • No capacity to pay for safe water nor for sanitation • Agriculture is an important national sector, economically and socially • Water is viewed primarily as social good • Sometimes as a God given right that should not be charged at all

  16. Harnessing the Resources For sustainability, extraction of ground water to be followed by recharge of aquifer otherwise water tables go down progressively Rain Water Harvesting Check Dams Ponds, Lakes and Water bodies

  17. Surplus water transportation to water deficient areas • India roughly occupies 2.5 % of the area of the landmass blessed with 4% of the water resources.Thus in terms of landmass, India is favourably blessed. • However, this can lead to a wrongly comforting conclusion unless we know that India accounts for approximately 16% of the world populationand out of water resources available 2/3 of the water resources are in the river basins of Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna which account for only 1/3 of the area !

  18. Prevent losses & wastages and pilferage of any kind Every drop of water saved is going to be an asset in the years to come. Water audit and optimum use of water, preventing leakages, pilferages, wastages and overuse, is a must.

  19. Proctor & Gamble (India) Ltd. conducted an interesting programme called P&G PEACE in 20 schools in Mumbai. In one such session, the students were asked to do water audit in their school toilets. The students found out that more than 30% of the taps were leaking. And there was no plumbing problem with these taps. It just was that the students just did not close the taps properly because either they were too eager to get back to the class room, or, the area surrounding the tap was not clean and therefore the students washed their hands from a distance. On an average, the rate of wastage of water was 10ml a minute and there were around 10 leaking taps in any school. It means the wastage of water in one school in one year is 52,560 Liters !!!

  20. Sr. No. Suggestion How much water could be saved 1. Keep the tap closed while brushing your teeth 05-10 liters 2. Don’t keep the tap on while washing your face or hands 08-15 liters 3. Don’t keep the tap on but use a tumbler while shaving 10-15 liters 4. First take shower and stop it off and after application of soap rinse the body with shower 50-70 liters 5. Stop leakages in your bath room/W.C. etc. 400-3000 liters per day Peoples’ participation and education in managing water resources – How much water you can save acting on following suggestions ?

  21. Prevention of Water Sources at the surface as well as underground from getting polluted or over exploited to ensure proper quality of Water.

  22. Food • Agriculture: Production, Contamination • Animal Products: Natural balance, Toxins • Wastage

  23. It is estimated that food wasted by the US and Europe could feed the world three times over. Food waste contributes to excess consumption of freshwater and fossil fuels which, along with methane and CO2 emissions from decomposing food, impacts global climate change. Every tonne of food waste prevented has the potential to save 4.2 tonnes of CO2 equivalent. If we all stop wasting food that could have been eaten, the CO2 impact would be the equivalent of taking one in four cars off the road.

  24. Energy • Sunlight • Heat, Fire, Steam • Water flow • Wind • Animals • Electricity

  25. Electricity Production • Thermal: Coal, Gas, Petroleum, Bio-gas • Hydro-electric, Tidal • Nuclear • Solar • Wind

  26. Save Energy wherever possible

  27. More Tips to Save Electricity The use of insulation to reduce Energy Costs The purpose of the use of the installation in the home is to keep the temperature levels in the home. By installing insulation in walls, floors and ceilings, the home will be a whole lot more comfortable, and will help electricity bill savings.

  28. Disposal of Waste • Sewage • Sullage • Solid Waste • Industrial Waste

  29. SOLID WASTE Physical And Health Hazard

  30. Types of solid waste • Biodegradable • Non-biodegradable • Medical • Hazardous Note: The household waste majorly constitutes wet waste and foliage waste • So, what exactly constitutes in household level waste? Biodegradables… • Wet waste : left over food, vegetable and fruit peels, tea remains etc. • Dry waste: foliage Non-biodegradables… • Paper, plastic, metal < 10% • Cloth < 5%

  31. Different technologies are relevant at different scales and so are their costs. • Waste to gas – 1 household • Waste to composting – 1 household • Waste to CNG – community level • Waste to electricity – community level

  32. Reduce Waste - Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy to duplex all draft reports and by making training manuals and personnel information available electronically. - Improve product design to use less materials. - Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength. - Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program. - Switch to reusable transport containers. - Purchase products in bulk

  33. Donate/Exchange - old books - old clothes - old computers - excess building materials - old equipment to local organizations

  34. At Community Level • construction of backyard compost pit 2. construction of storage bins at household and community levels where recyclable and reusable materials are stored. 3. maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets 4. greening of their respective areas 5. encouraging others to join

  35. REDUCE • RE-USE • RE-CYCLE • RESPECT

  36. All Activities: ZERO WASTE ENERGY EFFICIENT Consume Less, Waste Less. AUDIT

  37. Thank You!

  38. SOCLEEN Society for Clean Environment Vadodara Founded in 1979 Vision: To make Vadodara one of the best cities Of India by promoting cleaner, greener And pollution free environment.

  39. Environment Activism Sustainable Development

  40. Air and Water Pollution • Greenery Promotion • Waste Management • Noise Pollution • Vehicular Pollution • Traffic Management • Rainwater Harvesting • Restoration of Water Bodies • Biodiversity and Heritage • Disaster Management • Renewable Energy • YOUTH WING ACTIVITIES

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