Body Systems CMT

1. Body Systems CMT

2. Skeletal System • There are 5 major functions of the Skeletal System: • 1. Protect Organs • 2. Provide shape and support for body • 3. Allow movement • 4. Produce Red Blood Cells • 5. Store materials/minerals

3. Skeletal System Cont… • Bones of the skeletal system must be connected… • LIGAMENTS are tissues that connect BONE to BONE (i.e. MCL, ACL, etc.)

4. Skeletal System Cont… • A JOINT is where 2 or more bones connect • Examples??? • Immovable Joints- Connect bones in a way that allows NO MOVEMENT • Movable Joints- Connect bones in a way that allows for a WIDE RANGE OF MOVEMENT

5. Ball and Socket • Allows for the GREATEST RANGE OF MOTION • One bone fits into another and can rotate

6. Hinge • Allows forward and backward motion • Acts like a door hinge

7. Pivot • 1 bone rotates around another bone • Limited ability to turn head from side to side

8. Muscular System • Voluntary vs. Involuntary • There are 3 types of muscle tissue in your body… • 1. Smooth • 2. Cardiac • 3. Skeletal

9. Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bones by TENDONS • TENDONS attach Muscles to Bones • Skeletal muscle is VOLUNTARY • Function: • Allow movement of the body

10. Cardiac Muscle • Cardiac Muscle is found in the heart • Function: • Push blood out of the heart and pump it around the body

11. Smooth Muscle • Smooth muscle is found in the internal organs of the body (i.e. stomach, small intestine, etc.) • Function: • Help move materials through body

12. Respiratory System • Respiration is… • Inhaling of Oxygen in the air and exhaling of Carbon Dioxide • The act of breathing

13. Flow of Air • Nose -2 openings called nostrils • Nasal cavities are surrounded by blood vessels which heat the air as it enters • Cells produce mucus which moistens the air and traps particles • Pharynx - After leaving the nasal cavity, air enters the pharynx or throat

14. Flow of Air • Trachea - Scientific word for windpipe • Bronchi - Bronchi bring air directly into lungs • Bronchioles - Inside the lungs, each bronchi divides into smaller and smaller tubes like the branches of a tree

15. Flow of Air • Alveoli - At the end of the smallest tubes are structures that look like bunches of grapes; they are called Alveoli • Alveoli are tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood

16. Breathing • You breath based on the contraction of muscles • Diaphragm – muscle that moves up and down to allow breathing • When you inhale, the diaphragm moves down which opens your chest cavity and air enters your lungs • When you exhale, the diaphragm muscle relaxes and moves up which closes your chest cavity so air gets pushed out of your lungs

18. Respiratory and Circulatory Together • Respiratory system brings in Oxygen through your lungs and alveoli • Oxygen gets passed from alveoli into blood which then carries and delivers the Oxygen to all the cells of your body • Those cells use Oxygen to make energy!

19. Digestive System • Function: Break down food into nutrients and energy your body can use • 2 types of digestion: • 1. Mechanical – breaking and crushing of food • 2. Chemical – large molecules broken down into small ones

20. Digestive System Cont… • Peristalsis is waves of muscle contraction that push food through the organs of the digestive system

21. Passage of Food • Mouth – • digestion begins • Mechanical digestion – chewing • Chemical digestion – saliva • Esophagus • Connects mouth to stomach • Peristalsis moves food down tube

22. Passage of Food Cont… STOMACH -“J-Shaped” Muscular pouch that holds the food you swallow -Mechanical digestion- Muscles contract and “Churn” the food mixing it with chemicals -Contains mucus, Pepsin, and Hydrochloric Acid -Changes all food to thick liquid and releases a little bit at a time into small intestine ** Most Mechanical Digestion happens in the stomach**

23. Passage of Food Cont… • SMALL INTESTINE • About 20 feet long • Organ where the MOST chemical digestion takes place • Almost ALL chemical digestion and absorption happens in the SI • Has “Villi” to absorb nutrients

24. Passage of Food Cont… • LARGE INTESTINE • Horseshoe shaped • Water is absorbed into the bloodstream • Contains bacteria that feeds on material passing through makes Vitamin K

25. Passage of Food Cont… • Rectum & Anus • Wastes are compressed and eliminated from the body through the Rectum and Anus

26. Passage of Food • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Large Intestine • Rectum • Anus

27. Circulatory System • Major Parts of the System are: • Heart (4 Chambers) • Blood Vessels • Blood • Functions of the system • Carries needed substances to cells • Carries waste products away from cells • Contains cells that fight disease

28. The Heart • Right Side – Pumps blood to the lungs • Left side pumps blood to the body’s cells

29. Circulation Systems Pulmonary Circulation • Right side of heart pumps blood to lungs to pick up Oxygen Systemic Circulation 1. Left side of heart pumps blood to body’s cells to drop off Oxygen

30. Blood Vessels • Arteries – Carry blood AWAY from heart • Capillary – VERY THIN; Exchange of substances between blood and cells • Veins – Bring blood back TOWARDS the heart

31. Parts of Blood • Red Blood Cells – Carry Oxygen • White Blood Cells – Fight Disease • Plasma – Liquid part of blood • Platelets – Help with clotting of blood (good blood clotting…not bad blood clotting)