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Management and Organizational Issues

Management and Organizational Issues. Overview. Management Responsibilities Enhancing Maintenance Productivity Maintenance Teams Education and Training Organizational Modes. Management Responsibilities. Satisfactory Quality, Minimum Delay and Least Cost Managing maintenance personnel

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Management and Organizational Issues

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  1. Management and Organizational Issues

  2. Overview • Management Responsibilities • Enhancing Maintenance Productivity • Maintenance Teams • Education and Training • Organizational Modes

  3. Management Responsibilities • Satisfactory Quality, Minimum Delay and Least Cost • Managing maintenance personnel • Devising means to increase personnel productivity (choice of personnel) • Ensure job satisfaction (motivation) • -Improving system quality (education and training) • Organization of maintenance tasks • -Increase productivity • -Control Maintenance effort and cost • -Deliver high quality system.

  4. Enhancing Maintenance Productivity • Choosing the right people for the right job • Motivating maintenance personnel • -Rewards (financial, promotion etc.) • -Supervision (senior members of staff) • -Assignment patterns (rotation) • -Recognition (importance in organization) • -Career structure (equivalent to development) • Communications (Keep them involved)

  5. Enhancing Maintenance Productivity • Adequate Resources (state-of-the-art resources) • Domain Knowledge (Maintenance process and its cost implications)

  6. Maintenance Teams • Constantly changing personnel (“Lag Time”) • Types of teams in development: • -Ego less programming team • -Chief programmer team • Types of teams in maintenance (Martin and McClure): • -Temporary Team • -Permanent Team

  7. Maintenance Teams • Permanent Team • -Maintenance Leader • -Co-leader • -User-liaison • -Maintenance administrator • -Maintenance Programmers • Note:Important to have a mix of experienced and junior personnel.

  8. Education and Training • Neglected Area • Objectives • -Raise level of awareness • -Recognition by management • Education and Training Strategies • -University Education • -Conferences and workshops • -Hands-on experience

  9. Organizational Modes • Choice between combining development and maintenance activities or having a separate department • Factors that affect this decision: • -Size of the organization • -Maintenance portfolio

  10. Organizational Modes(Combined development and maintenance) • Program Module (Module Ownership) • -High level of expertise is developed • -Responsibility evenly distributed • -Work load may not be evenly distributed • -Difficult to implement enhancements (unknown dependencies) • -Difficult to enforce coding standards

  11. Organizational Modes(Combined development and maintenance) • Type of Change (Change Ownership) • Advantages: • -Tendency to adhere to standards set for the whole software system • -Integrity is ensured • -Changes can be coded and tested independently • -Code inspection tends to be taken seriously

  12. Organizational Modes(Combined development and maintenance) • Type of Change (Change Ownership) • Disadvantages: • -Training of new personnel takes more time • -Individuals do not have long-lasting responsibilities • Work-Type (‘departmentalization) • Application-type

  13. Organizational Modes(Separate Maintenance) • Need to maintain a large number of portfolios • Increasing business need of keeping software systems operational at all times • Advantages: • -Clear Accountability • -Allows development staff to concentrate on development • -Facilitates and motivates acceptance testing • -High quality end-user service

  14. Organizational Modes(Separate Maintenance) • Disadvantages: • -De-motivation (status difference) • -Developers tend to lose system knowledge • -High cost involved in co-ordination of development and maintenance • -Duplication of communication channels

  15. Summary • Control of personnel issues. • Choose right people, motivating them and providing adequate resources • Tackle problem of low status and general image problem • Good maintenance team as a valuable asset • Education and training is paramount.

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