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The Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth Century . The Problem Of Universals. . Situation following death of Charlemagne .Origin of discussion in texts of porphyry and Boethius .Importance of the problem .Exaggerated realism . Roscelin’s ‘ nomenalism ’ . S. Peter Damian’s attitude to dialectic
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The Problem Of Universals .Situation following death of Charlemagne .Origin of discussion in texts of porphyry and Boethius .Importance of the problem .Exaggerated realism .Roscelin’s ‘nomenalism’ . S. Peter Damian’s attitude to dialectic . William of Champeaux . Abeland .Gilbert de la Poerree and John of Salisbury .Hugh of St. Victor . St. Thomas Aquinas
Centralization - a process whereby social groups and institutions become increasingly dependent on a central group or institution. Feudalism - The feudal system; a system by which the holding of estates in land is made dependent upon an obligation to render military service to the kind or feudal superior; feudal principles and usages.
Cluny in 910 Cluny , former abbey, E France, in the present Saône-et-Loire dept., founded (910) by St. Berno, a Burgundian monk and reformer. Cluny was one of the chief religious and cultural centers of Europe.
Internal factors Prevented the fruit of the Carolingian renaissance
External factors Attacks of the Norsemen Attacks of the Saracens and the Mongols
Internal decay, combined with external dangers and attacks, rendered cultural progress impossible. • Practicable course • -Philosophy • .dialectical questions and particularly round problem of universals