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Themes (Major Topics) of the 1920s

Themes (Major Topics) of the 1920s. Change. Basis of Conflicts. Women’s Roles . Technology. Urban v. Rural . Leisure Time . Immigrant v. American. Wet v. Dry (Alcohol or not?) . African-American Experience. Religion v. Science . After WW1 (1919-20).

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Themes (Major Topics) of the 1920s

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  1. Themes (Major Topics) of the 1920s

  2. Change Basis of Conflicts Women’s Roles Technology Urban v. Rural Leisure Time Immigrant v. American Wet v. Dry (Alcohol or not?) African-American Experience Religion v. Science

  3. After WW1 (1919-20) Want to forget war & get back to normal Fear of foreign Ideas & targeting immigrants (Red Scare) Ku Klux Klan Protect “pure” America Laws to reduce immigration Gov’t hunts down radicals Nation wide worker strikes & bombings Expel & arrest immigrants

  4. "Come unto Me, Ye Opprest!"Literary Digest, 7/5/19.Fear that Radical Immigrants from Europe threaten liberty

  5. The Red Scare 1919-20 Fear of foreign Ideas & targeting immigrants (Red Scare) Conflicts • The fear that revolution and anarchy would come to America • Hatred switches from Germans to all immigrants • 1919 – Bombing plot exposed – 36 to kill famous & wealthy Americans • 1919 – 8 bombs explode at same time in 8 cities • 3600 strikes by workers nationwide • America is hysterical.

  6. The Red Scare 1919-20 Fear of foreign Ideas & targeting immigrants (Red Scare) Gov’t hunts down radicals Laws to reduce immigration Expel & arrest immigrants • Government targets immigrants & radicals • US Gov’t illegal Palmer Raids arrest thousands • Sacco & Vanzetti convicted of murder. Some say executed b/c they are anarchist Italians. • U.S. ship nicknamed the “Soviet Ark” ships 300 radical immigrants back to Europe. • Gov’t passes laws to slash Eastern European immigration.

  7. The Gauntlet Flung Down.5/21/19. Anarchy uses terror to threaten a free nation

  8. Ku Klux Klan Conflicts Protect “pure” America By 1925, 5 million members – midwest & South Main targets are immigrants, Catholics, Jews, evolutionists, drinkers and sinners. Want to get rid of immigrants from Italy, Poland, Russia.

  9. Change Obsession with buying “things” Consumer culture & Free Time Cities boom – jobs and fun Cars, radios, movies, appliances Growth of Advertising Want to forget war & get back to normal Spectator sports grow

  10. Want to forget war & get back to normal Consumer culture & Free Time Change • Economy robust during 1920s – European nations crippled by WW1. • High incomes and production • Money to spend on cheap cars (assembly line/Ford) • Consumer credit - crazy buying of goods like radios • Hollywood / movies grow due to technology and demand • City population grows – jobs & entertainment • US is connected through technology; rapid spread of fads & ideas;

  11. Conflicts b/w traditional and new values tr Religion vs. Science Prohibition Scopes Trial Purify America City v. Country Wets v. Drys Evolution v. Fundamentalism Lack of Gov’t enforcement Rise of Mafia

  12. Two sides of the same road? Does religion or science explain the origin of humankind and the earth?

  13. Religion vs. Science Evolution v. Fundamentalism City v. Country • Dayton Tennessee Scopes “Monkey” Trial 1925 • TN outlawed teaching evolution in schools • South is strongly religiously based – belief in literal reading of the Bible. (fundamentalist) • Northern city folk trend toward science • Scopes opts to be arrested – can a government dictate a religious belief? • Turns into a media circus • Scopes convicted – but religious beliefs seen as anti-science & intolerant

  14. Prohibition Purify America Wets v. Drys City v. Country Conflicts • Congress passes law in 1919 (18th Amendment to the Constitution) – repealed 1933 • Not enough police! • City people ignore the law • Illegal speakeasies (bars) all over cities. • Mafia gangsters compete for control of cities & provide illegal liquor. • It does reduce alcoholism and wife abuse

  15. Women’s Changing Roles Conflict Change 19th Amendment – The Right to Vote The “New” Woman & Flapper Independence & Opportunities Social, Political, Work Discrimination Jazz. Speakeasies and Jobs

  16. Women’s Changing Roles Women’s fight for the vote took 100 years Protests in 1910s led to arrests and abuse Law passed in 1920 (19th Amendment) The “New Woman”/Flappers worked in limited jobs for less pay – They challenged ideas of “proper” behavior – most women looked down on them as immoral. Independent & willing to divorce

  17. Harlem (NY) Renaissance African-American Experience Black Pride Great Migration from South to North Racial Conflict / Riots in Multiple Cities Jazz Music & Clubs popular Escape Racism, lack of jobs in South Competition for Jobs, Housing Literature and Art

  18. African-American Experience • Great Migration • from South to North to escape prejudice, discrimination • Seek better wages & living conditions – need for workers during WWI (immigration drops) • Racial conflict over housing, jobs • Harlem Renaissance • Black cultural pride in music, art, literature • White acceptance of aspects of Black culture • Struggle for political and economic equality

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