The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution The world as a factory

2. Flyer-Making Activity • I need two artistic volunteers… • Each volunteer will make a flyer about a key idea of the Renaissance… • Requirements for the flyer: • must have three holes • Must have a beautiful picture • Must have easy to read words • Volunteer 1 (the artisan): • You are to do everything by hand…only scissors can be used • Volunteer 2 (the factory worker): • You may use my computer and any other office equipment

3. Debrief • What were some advantages to producing the flyer by hand? • Disadvantages? • What were some advantages to producing the flyer using machines? • Disadvantages? • Overall, was the machine user’s (factory worker’s) way better? • Why or Why not?

4. Traditional Society (England) • What do you see here? • Describe the people • What might these people enjoy/not enjoy?

5. Pre-Industrial England • Men, Women, and Children worked all day in fields around the community’s church (parish). • Farming villages in the Middle Ages: • Had to feed the people in the village • Individual farmers worked to feed family and community, so they worked together • 3 field model • 1. grain for food • 2. oats for livestock/ barley for beer • 3. empty to regain soil nutrients • Each of the three fields divided into strips that individual peasants owned • Livestock grazed all together in a common pasture • No fences

6. Picture Summary • Draw an annotated picture (a picture with captions/labels) to summarize what you just learned about: • English Society

7. Disadvantages? • Pathways between strips wasted space • Time wasted from farmers running from strip to strip or field to field • Cows all together meant diseases spread • No fences = cattle trampling crops • Planters needed to coordinate when they did things…hard to experiment with crops to become better

8. Peasant Life in the Middle Ages • Very few possessions in modest homes • Lived off the land • Ate their crops, raised their animals • Other activities: hunting, fishing, mining, brewing beer • LOTS of hours WORKING

9. “It is the custom in England, as with other countries, for the nobility to have great power over the common people, who are serfs. This means that they are bound by law and custom to plough the field of their masters, harvest the corn, gather it into barns, and thresh and winnow the grain; they must also mow and carry home the hay, cut and collect wood, and perform all manner of tasks of this kind.” • Jean Froissart- 1395

10. The Village • Center of social and political life for peasants • Marriages happened here • Life revolved around the church and community meetings about farming • Church had a priest that oversaw moral and social life • Some had a school teacher • Peasants showed loyalty by giving money to the church, the poor, or buildings of the village • Other people included: shoemakers, weavers, basketmakers, and blacksmiths.

11. Picture Summary • Draw an annotated picture (a picture with captions/labels) to summarize what you just learned about: • Peasant/village life

12. Pre-industrial England in Literature • Geoffrey Chaucer’s tales • “the outstanding English poet before Shakespeare and “the first finder of our language.” His The Canterbury Tales ranks as one of the greatest poetic works in English.” – biography.com • Wrote about English society in a comical way • Story of pilgrims making a journey and having a story-telling contest….exposes life of English back then

13. What forced people to change from this structure? • Population Growth • Too many people to feed effectively • Napoleon’s blockade • Didn’t alllow corn to come into England • Farmers need to produce more…need to think of a new way

14. Picture Summary • Draw an annotated picture (a picture with captions/labels) to summarize what you just learned about: • Why farmers needed a new way of doing things

15. The Agricultural Revolution

16. 1700s and 1800s…. • Wealthy landowners start reorganizing land • Common lands for peasants now became fenced in and were the landowners “private property” • Larger fields = “Enclosures”…bigger, more productive farms • 2 consequences: • 1. Landowners try new farming techniques • 2. They force peasants off of land…many move to cities

17. Picture Summary • Draw an annotated picture (a picture with captions/labels) to summarize what you just learned about: • The Agricultural Revolution and the changes it brought

18. Quote • Thomas More – “Utopia” • Saw common lands getting taken up by large, wealthy farms for food and wool…. • “sheep that used to be so meek and eat so little are now becoming so greedy and wild that they devour men themselves…for they leave no land free for the plough”

19. Crop Rotation • Positive Result of Agriculture Revolution • Rotating what kind of plants you grow in each field… • No need to leave blank space for nutrients to come back • Some plants sucked out nutrients, some put them back in the soil…. • Rotate these = good!

20. JethroTull • Not These Guys • This Guy: • 1701 • Invented seed drill • Put seeds into soil quickly • (used to throw them) • Reduced amount of seed needed by 80%!

21. New Crops Come to England • Maize (Indian corn) • Potatoes • Come from the “New World” and are very easy to grow and spread

22. New Breeding Techniques • Farmers started breeding only their best sheep • Average weight of lambs: • 1700: 18 lbs • 1786: 50 lbs

23. Picture Summary • Draw an annotated picture (a picture with captions/labels) to summarize what you just learned about : • The • Crop Rotation, the Seed Drill, the new crops, and breeding techniques

24. Outcomes of Agricultural Revolution • Food supplies increased • Healthier animals = more poop = more fertilizer = more crops = more food for animals (cycle) • Human living conditions improved…less disease • Change in village structure • Small-time farmers lost land and moved to cities to become poor laborers…lost their voice/power • Overall, wealthy get wealthier, but country is healthier….and….MORE PEOPLE! Population spike and good conditions for Industrial Revolution

25. Effects (continued) BEFORE Ag. Revolution AFTER Ag. Revolution Living conditions better People more resistant to disease Houses warmer because of coal production Better farming/more food Soap! And Vaccines! Less people dying = population growth – fast! • Most people poor farmers • Not enough to eat • Drank too much • Poorly built homes • Not very sanitary…lots of disease • Almost half all children die before 5yrs • Population growth = slow

26. Skit • In groups of 6, you need • An interviewer • A peasant farmer • A wealthy landowner/farmer • JethroTull • A sheep • “crops” • Act out how the Agriculture Revolution affected everyone in a skit - everyone has a line • Extra credit to those who share with the class

27. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • What is INDUSTRIALIZATION? • The process of developing machine production of goods • What is the meaning of REVOLUTION? • A sudden, complete, or significant change in something/ a system

28. Why was England a prime place for this “revolution” to start? • England is an island, but it has a lot of natural resources: • What do you think would be good natural resources to have? • Water and coal to fuel machines • Iron ore to make the metal for machines and tools • Rivers to transport things around the country and out to others • Harbors for ships doing business (merchant ships) to come in and out

29. Why was England a prime place for this “revolution” to start? • England had an expanding economy, so merchants would invest in technology to make their jobs easier/more profitable • Bank system was highly developed – people encouraged to take out loans to expand their business • Politically stable – no wars on British soil in 1700s, more positive outlook, and more time to develop the economy • FACTORS OF PRODUCTION were there: land, labor, and capital (wealth)

30. Picture Summary • Draw an annotated picture (a picture with captions/labels) to summarize what you just learned about : • What the industrial revolution was • Why England was a good place for it to take off

31. Inventions • As people started moving to cities, changing the way they farmed, and living better, new inventions started popping up very rapidly. • These inventions helped farming, businesses, and tradesmen improve their profits and efficiency. • The first industry to really be transformed in the industrial revolution was the textile industry (clothing).

32. Britain’s Textile Changes • Britain was leader in clothing industry. • One invention led to another in improving this trade. • 1733- John Kay and the flying shuttle • 1764 – James Hargreaves and the spinning “jeny” • 1769 – Arkwright and the water frame • 1779 – Samuel Crompton spinning mule • 1787 – Cartwright power loom.

33. Read or Review pages 285-288

34. Essay Assignment • By the end of this week (or it’s homework due the Tuesday we get back from break), you will turn in a 5 paragraph research paper on an industrial revolution technology/invention. • Today, you will research 3 different inventions and record the following: • What it was and what it did • What industrie(s) it helped • Who invented it • When it was invented • What it looked like (include a picture) • How it changed people’s lives in that time • The effects it had on the future of people’s lives or that industry • “A Significant Quote found” from your research about this invention • 3 more random tidbits

35. What NOT to do!!! • Do NOT copy and paste information into the form unless: • It is simply just a name or date • It is the “quote” portion (give the source afterward) • Or it is the picture portion (give the source afterward) • You will be writing an essay from some of this info, so it is important that you do NOT plagiarize by using someone’s information that isn’t yours without giving them credit

36. How to get there… • Go to my website: • www.tuhscardoza.weebly.com • Click on the World History tab • Open the “Ind.Rev.Research Outline” document • Research inventions online…choose three • Fill in the form as you go…making sure to copy down where you got your information

37. Next class… • Go deeper into one…start writing essay…show class how to do one in-text citation and a works cited • Make rubric