The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution

2. Vocabulary • Reconstruction: The period of time in American History after the Civil War when the south was rebuilt • Industrialization: the process through which a country goes from a farming society to one that has factories, mass production, and bigger cities • Agrarian Society: a group of people (a country) who’s economy and way of life is based on farming • Efficient: Faster and better, taking less time to do/make something better. • Manufacturing: the making of goods (stuff to buy) on a larger scale … factories. • Freight: goods (stuff to buy) while being carried on a train, boat, or plane • Titan: Important figure; dominant and/or famous individual.

3. The Civil War & Reconstruction • The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865 • It resulted in Union Victory meaning the United States would stay ONE nation • After the Civil War there was an period of time called Reconstruction. During this period the Southern U.S. was rebuilt and forced to allow former slaves their freedom.

4. The Expansion of Industry During the late 1800s many inventions led to a changes to American life, business and society The industrial revolution was a period of time in U.S History when America went from an agrarian society to one that was more industrial (factories, faster transportation, machines, skyscrapers, etc)

5. Quick Quiz • What was reconstruction? • What is an Agrarian society? • What was the industrial revolution?

6. Causes of Industrialization Q: How did The United States go from an agrarian society to an industrial society? A: The driving force behind the industrial revolution was new technology

7. Inventions & TECHNOLOGY

8. Tools & Technology

11. First Drawing of Steam Engine

12. Quick Quiz • What caused the Industrial Revolution? • Explain the invention and use of the item they invented for each of the following people: • Robert Fulton • Eli Whitney • Henry Bessemer • Alexander Graham Bell • Cyrus McCormick • Thomas Edison

13. Effects of the Industrial Revolution • Improved Transportation • Taller & Stronger Buildings • Big Business • Pollution • Dangerous conditions/Child Labor • New Laws & Debates

14. Inventions Improve transportation • Some inventions improved transportation like the Bessemer Process and The Steam Engine (Train) • Without these two inventions transportation would not have improved during this time.

15. Transportation • Iron tracks replaced w/ steel because steel was cheaper & faster • Transportation improved and was made easier through increased railroads and steam ships. • Efficient transportation is necessary to move freight and passengers quickly in order for the nation to become industrialized. • Railroads expanded rapidly across the country during this period

16. Expansion of the Railroads

17. Railroad Boom Town

18. Promontory Point • Was the spot where the railroads from the eastern US connected to railroads in the Western United States. • Made cross-country “shipping” faster!

19. Promontory Point

20. Taller & Stronger Buildings • The Brooklyn Bridge and The Flatiron building are symbols of the industrial revolution. • Both made possible due to the invention of steel (Bessemer Process)

21. Big Business

22. Factories • Samuel Slater – He is considered the inventor of the modern factory he is sometimes called the “father of the industrial revolution” • Factories – Assembly lines and machines combined to make factories that made goods faster and more efficiently • Mass production – Increase of factories led to mass production; making many of the same item at the same time.

23. Titans of Industry • Andrew Carnegie – Steel • John Rockefeller – Oil • Cornelius Vanderbilt – Railroad • These men were symbols of the huge increases of wealth gained during the industrial revolution. • They became very rich and powerful. Maybe too powerful.

24. Andrew Carnegie • Andrew Carnegie was one of the most famous businessmen of the industrial revolution • He made lot of money in steel. • largest steel-making plant • He made a lot of money … but he also spent money on charity

25. John D. Rockefeller • Founded Standard Oil Company. • Merged with other companies to gain control of oil industry • Ruthless businessman who tried to influence and control politicians.

26. Cornelius Vanderbilt • Early investor in steamboats and rail travel • Owned many railroad lines and became famous for his domination of the railroad industry • Helped found Vanderbilt University

27. Pollution • Pollution was also a problem as factories opened and natural resources (like coal & oil) were used for fuel.

28. Natural resources like oil were necessary to provide fuel for the industrial rev. • However, sometimes the environment was damaged while the resources were taken from the earth. • This Pennsylvania Oil field is an example

29. Dangerous Conditions & Child Labor • Child labor (children working) was a problem in the industrial revolution as many children began working in dangerous factories to earn money • Factory conditions for adults were also dangerous and workers were not often protected by the government.

30. New Laws & Debates

31. Sherman Anti-Trust Act • To Deal with powerful companies congress passed this law in 1890 • Its goal was to stop companies from abusing customers and taking advantage of people - It was too weak to be effective. • Instead the law was misused to stop workers from forming unions

32. The Rise of Unions • A Union is a group of workers trying to organize to improve conditions • Workers tried to organize to make their lives better because their working conditions were bad and their pay was low • Some Unions included The American Federation of Labor and The Industrial Workers of the World • Most unions were not successful during this time because the government often took the side of big business

33. Homestead Strike - 1892 • Workers refusing to work until they get improved conditions or pay is called a strike. • This one turned violent and government troops were called to force the workers back to work.

34. Quick Quiz Fully explain each of the following effects of the industrial revolution • Improved Transportation • Taller & Stronger Buildings • Big Business • Pollution • Dangerous conditions/Child Labor • New Laws & Debates