The Industrial Revolution

1. The Industrial Revolution 1750-1914

2. The Industrial Revolution… was a long, slow, uneven process in which production shifted from simple hand tools made and used by an individual to complex machines run by many people. (*unskilled labour)

3. What was the Industrial Revolution? • Innovations in agriculture and industry lead to changes in economies of Europe and the United States. Emergence of urban industrial economies. Power-driven machinery replaced work done in the homes.

4. Factors for Industrialization in Canada: • 1. Population growth: it provided a market for manufactured goods, provided the people necessary to work in factories, • 2. Transportation: transportation system in place to link the goods and people between markets. • 3. Wealth: People were becoming more wealthy, so they had the $ to spend on goods

5. The rural way of life began to disappear. Small country villages grew into towns and cities. People bought goods in stores and lived in crowded apartment buildings.

6. When and where? - The first Industrial Revolution occurred in Great Britain at the end of the 18th century; -it profoundly altered Britain's economy and society. - The most immediate changes were in the nature of production: what was produced, as well as where and how.

7. Labor was transferred from the production of primary products to the production of manufactured goods and services. Far more manufactured goods were produced than ever before, technical efficiency rose dramatically.

8. Why Britain? • Britain had large supplies of coal and iron, $$ , as well as a large labor supply. • Britain had plenty of skilled mechanics who were eager to meet the growing demand for new, practical inventions

9. New TechnologyAN ENERGY REVOLUTION - During the 18th and 19th centuries, people began to harness new sources of energy. - Water = Watt Steam Engine - Coal = run the factories and heat iron into steel. A material needed for construction of machines, steam engines and eventually skyscrapers

10. Advances in Machinery • Weaving became difficult and time-consuming. John Kay invents “flying shuttle”(1733) which allowed weavers to produce 2-3X more material

11. James Hargreaves’ “spinning jenny”1764 • Enabled one person to spin 6 to 7 threads at a time.

12. Steam Engine • Harnessing the power of steam marked a significant step in technology. The introduction of the steam engine led to many new inventions, most notably in transportation and industry

13. Life before Industrialization • Most work was done on the farm, fishing boats, logging camps or small work shops attached to homes (self-employed) - The bartering system was widely used -cities were a jumble of rich and poor • People generally completed ALL parts of • necessary tasks of manufacturing • Technology was based on running • water and muscle power

14. The Emergence of Factories • Increased productivity required larger work facilities. Workers and machines moved into factories needed to be under one roof. Increased need for power existed to increase efficiency and production

15. The Factory System • The heart of the new industrial city was the factory. There, the technology of the machine age imposed a harsh new way of life on workers. Workers hated the clock. WHY?

16. Quality and Quantity • Because of the Industrial Revolution, people made more of an object in the same amount of time as it had taken in the past. They were aided by new machines. The following is the process: Each worker is assigned to a different task, as a result, total production increases.

17. The Factory System • Working hours were long, sometimes 12 to 16 hours a day. Workers suffered injuries from unsafe machines. • Workers were exposed to other dangers, such as breathing coal dust in the mines or lint in the textile factories. If a worker was sick or injured, they would lose their job.

18. The Factory System • Factory jobs took women out of their homes for 12 hours or more a day. Factories and mines employed children as young as five years old. Employers often hired orphans. Division of labor, each worker did a specialized task. How would you feel after a day’s work?

19. Life After Industrialization - Due to rail, crops were quickly transported to sell - Coal lamps replaced candles - Iron stoves replaced open fire - Sewing machines replaced needle and thread -store bought goods replaced homemade ones - Machines replaced muscle power

20. Paved streets and walkways • Gas lights lit the city • Central water supplied replaced community wells. • Rich moved to suburbs and poor stayed downtown close to factories • Larger urban centres