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The New Deal

The New Deal. MR. WILLIAMSON SOMERVILLE HS. The New Deal. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), Governor of NY, is the Democratic Nominee for President in 1932 Known as a reformer Pledged a “ New Deal ” to combat the Depression 1932 Election – Hoover vs. Roosevelt

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The New Deal

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  1. The New Deal MR. WILLIAMSON SOMERVILLE HS

  2. The New Deal • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), Governor of NY, is the Democratic Nominee for President in 1932 • Known as a reformer • Pledged a “New Deal” to combat the Depression • 1932 Election – Hoover vs. Roosevelt • Roosevelt’s platform – Depression needed strong action/leadership from federal gov’t • Roosevelt wins in a landslide, no public faith in Hoover

  3. The New Deal • FDR presents the “First New Deal” to Congress with plan addressing 3 R’s • Relief – immediate assistance • Recovery – long-term economic health • Reform – sought to prevent future depressions • FDR believed he needed to calm people’s fears • Held radio “fireside chats”, brief broadcasts where FDR explained his plans, ask for citizen support • Was upbeat, had a soothing voice; greatly appealed to people

  4. The New Deal • First restores banking system • 4-Day Bank Holiday for banks to shore up accounts • Creation of FDIC, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation • Insured bank deposits up to $5,000 • Establishes the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) • Regulate stock market/safer for investments • All done to restore citizen confidence in financial system

  5. The New Deal • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) – gave financial aid/subsidies to farmers • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) – built series of damns to control floods/generate electric power • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – provided jobs planting forests, building trails • Federal Emergency Relief Act (FERA) – unemployment aid to local/state governments

  6. The New Deal • National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • Designed to increase production while boosting wages/prices • Goals – make more goods available, give consumers $ to buy them • Public Works Administration (PWA) – built bridges, dams, power plants, government buildings • Improved nation’s infrastructure/created jobs

  7. The New Deal • New Deal Debate • Conservatives (Republicans) say “Too Much” • Made gov’t too powerful, was telling business how to operate, spending too much gov’t $/high debt • Liberals (Democrats) say “Not Enough” • Claimed Roosevelt was only saving the banking system and ensuring profits for big business, needed to do more • How do you feel? Compose a short-paragraph on which side you would take. You must chose 1!

  8. The New Deal • Jigsaw Activity – The Second New Deal • 1. Quickly summarize and create short bullet points on your program/Identification • A. Works Progress Administration (WPA) • B. John Maynard Keynes • C. Social Security Act • D. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) • E. Wagner Act/National Labor Relations Act • F. Fair Labor Standards Act • G. Collective Bargaining • 2. Place summary on the board, we will review as a class

  9. The New Deal • Election of 1936 – FDR easily re-elected but faces challenges from Supreme Court • Congress/President are from Democratic Party • Need the approval of Supreme Court to pass New Deal programs • Schechter Poultry v. US, Supreme Court decision • NIRA was unconstitutional, president could not regulate interstate commerce • Later ruled the AAA was unconstitutional as well

  10. The New Deal • FDR responds - unveils a plan to dilute power of sitting justices on Supreme Court • Called for a bill adding 6 new Justices to 9-member court • Believed current justices were overworked/elderly, Constitution did not specify # of justices • Critics, realizing new appointees would be New Deal supporters, called the plan “court packing”

  11. The New Deal • FDR accused of increasing presidential power, upsetting the balance of powers • Given his popularity, he may have convinced Congress to vote for his plan • However, Court starts to rule in his favor • Due to fear? • Court-packing weakened FDR politically • He wasn’t challenged before, now will face more critics

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