THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UK Dependency on Graduates

1. PALATINE- Dance Drama and MusicDEVELOPING ENTREPRENEURIAL STUDENTS AND GRADUATESLancaster November 16th 2005Dr Marilyn WedgwoodPro-Vice Chancellor

2. THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UKDependency on Graduates • High proportion of graduates - 43% compared with 16% work force as a whole - 30-80% depending on the sub -sector • Graduates from creative disciplines more likely to be self-employed – • 42% become self employed from 9% of the total UK graduates p.a • 37% of the self employed graduates, 6 months post-graduation A need for graduate entrepreneurship is not being met

3. WHY?............. • The creative process is compelling and has market value • Creative freedom and ethical considerations • Learning by Problem- solving makes independent thinkers • Self-employment often the only real option • Accidental entrepreneurship

4. Creative Industries - Classifications in the UK

5. Investing in culture for competitive advantage“The UN estimates that creative industries account for 7% global GDP and are growing at 10% per year. As people grow richer and become better educated, they spend more of their income on leisure” activitiesJames Purnell 2005 Minister for Creative Industries

6. Culture and the Economy “… Beijing, Shanghai and Gunagzhou are aiming to become Asia’s dominant cultural production centres – looking to export, and to make sure that economic value of cultural consumption in the huge domestic market is recouped by chinese companies…………its strategy is comprehensive, farsighted, ambitious, well resourced and intelligent – it builds partnerships with research centres in universities and larger companies as well as using all sorts of international expertise. It takes in the full range of leisure tourist, sporting, entertainment, high cultural and creative industry sectors……..” (Justin OConnor –Creative Industries and Regeneration 2005 – in production. Manchester Centre for Popular Culture Manchester Metropolitan University)

7. THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UKEconomic value • Worth 11.4 billion to balance of Trade (twice that of the pharmaceutical sector) • 8% GDA, 7.9% GDP • Produce almost £1 in £12 of UK total GDP • Almost 2m people employed • 7% of total employment 20% if tourism, hospitality and sport is included Fastest Growing Sector of the Economy Source DCMS, DTi

8. THE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES - UKCharacteristics • High proportion of self employment(42-80%) • Large proportion of small companies/ microbusinesses/ freelancers/ independents • Highly networked • Complex working portfolios - commonly organised around projects • Portfolios of employment • Little desire to grow • 70% located in metropolitan areas • Particular IP issues Dynamic, innovative sector, creativity dependent

9. Entrepreneurship & Skills ------------------------------------- Exploring models of entrepreneurship/self employment Linking with key organisations- NCGE, Sector Skills Councils, enterprise in regions, Cambridge –MIT Entrepreneurship ,NESTA, RDA Research & Knowledge Transfer ------------------------------------- Exploring Models of Knowledge transfer & intellectual Property and R&D Linked with Arts and Humanities Research Council Locked into the Science and Innovation ten year framework policy document 2004-14 ---JUST!!!!!!! DEPARTMENT OF CULTURE MEDIA & SPORTHE/FE and the Creative IndustriesWORKING GROUPS

10. Graduate Entrepreneurship Capacity • 36.8% of the 2.3% of graduates self- employed ( 6 months post graduation) were from the creative disciplines • Least likely to have a placement opportunity • Surveys show they don’t feel prepared • 50% of Flying Start (NCGE) applicants and participants - but they make up only 9% of the graduates in the UK (24,000) • Don’t respond well to traditional business models Significant potential - unrealised

11. “Cultural entrepreneurs need to develop a mix of creative and business skills often at different stages of their careers. Education institutions are often too inflexible to deliver these skills as and when the entrepreneurs need them” (Leadbeater and Oakley, 1999)

13. Some great Provisionbut… Not the right kind Not available at the right time Too Little understanding of current provision to make a difference Not Enough Too piecemeal -Not coherent Enough

14. THE CHALLENGES • The lack of informed appropriate learning provision • No coherent co-ordinated framework to inspire and inform curriculum innovation • Don’t know what works, where and when • The cultural tensions & oppositions • Lack of Incentives for curriculum innovation • No focused policy framework to drive change Create a culture in HE that links creativity with commercial value .

15. SO…….. What should be done???? Some Ideas .. Let us have your views

16. TARGETED INVESTMENTSStrategic Curriculum Innovation • Targeted Pilot Initiatives around the ‘models’ of success - to work out what works for different sub-sectors and subject disciplines • Entrepreneurship Leadership Programme • National Creative Industries Enterprise Scheme – coherent national development of what we have got and know Generate strategic focus -the framework- that helps prepare graduates for their portfolio careers .

17. TARGETED INCENTIVES • Funding for entrepreneurship provision in HE • Capital Investment in Facilities and Equipment Enable the graduates - Create the entrepreneurial support for their creativity .

18. INCORPORATE IN POLICY • Create a national policy framework for graduate entrepreneurship in the creative industries • Ensure the Creative industries are incorporated into existing policy frameworks – OST, DfES, DTi,RDA Be both strategic and operational to support the growth of the sector .

19. EMERGING ARGUMENTS • The Creative Industries are the fastest growing sector of the economy in the UK • It attracts an unusually high proportion of graduates, - a significant proportion self-employed • But the opportunities for entreprenuerial learning are limited by culture and operational factors in HE The potential is not realised- there is a gap in provision and policy to unlock the potential in HE.

20. EMERGING SOLUTIONS • But the DCMS Task Group has identified good practice • It could be made more widespread. • A policy framework is required that creates a vision for the development of the creative and commercial talent potential • There is much to build on from the government policy and investment in scientific entrepreneurship • Invest in Curriculum Innovation and CI start-up support that is well informed by current success Enlightened focused national policy can unlock the potential

21. “An enterprising economy must be a skilled economy. So we must avoid the mistakes of the past when we failed to invest long term in education “James Purnell CI Minister

22. “An enterprising economy must be a skilled economy. So we must avoid the mistakes of the past when we failed to invest long term in education “James Purnell CI Minister Given the characteristics of the creative industries, shouldn’t we be investing in entrepreneurial learning to gain UK economic advantage from this fastest growing sector?

23. Contact Gaynor Richards Higher and Further Education Development Manager Department for Culture, Media and Sport Based at: Manchester Metropolitan University Regional Office, Ormond Building All Saints, Oxford Road Manchester, M15 6BX • Tel: 0161 247 4625 • Fax: 0161 247 2209 • Email: g.richards@mmu.ac.uk