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WELCOME

WELCOME. rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh. A SEMINAR ON “Cardiotonics” Presented by MAHARUDRA S. RAKH M. PHARM ., M.B.A E- mail: rmspharma@gmail.com PHARMACOGNOSY First year. Cardiotonics.

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WELCOME

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  1. WELCOME rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  2. A SEMINAR ON “Cardiotonics” Presented by MAHARUDRA S. RAKH M. PHARM ., M.B.A E- mail: rmspharma@gmail.com PHARMACOGNOSY First year

  3. Cardiotonics • Cardiotonics (Greek Kardia-heart) are the drugs which give strength or energy to the activity of the heart. • The cardiotonics increase the force of contraction of cardiac muscles and stimulate the overall activity of the heart • Examples- dititalis, squill, thevetia, strophantus, arjuna bark rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  4. DIGITALIS Synonyms:- Digitalis leaves, Foxglove leaves. Biological Source:- Digitalis consists of dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea, Family Scrophulariaceae GeographicaI Source: in England, other parts of Europe, United States and India Cultivation and Collection: biennial or perennial herb of about 1 to 2 meters. propagated by seeds calcarious, acidic sandy, light soil with traces of manganese. altitude of 1600 to 3000 m. temperature range 20 - 30°C and rainfall 30-40 cm per annum. plantation is done twice a year. The leaved are picked up in the afternoon dried leaves (containing not more than 5% of moisture) packed into the air-tight containers rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  5. Macroscopic Characters: Colour - Dark greyish-green Odour – Slight Taste – Bitter Size - 10 to 40 cm long and 4 to 20 cm wide Shape - Ovate-lanceolate to broadly ovate; Microscopic Characters: anomocytic stomata on both surfaces trichomes are uniseriate, multicellular (3 to 5 cells) also glandular trichomes, free of calcium oxalate and sclerenchyma. Starch grains in the endodermis. collenchyma at 3 different places i.e. at the upper epidermis, lower epidermis, and pericyclic part Chemical Constituents: Digitalis contains 0.2 to 0.45% mixture of both primary & secondary cardiac glycoside (cardenolides) Purpurea glycosides A and B and glucogitaloxin, gitaloxin, verodoxin, and glucovero. Other chemicals- digitoxin, gitoxin and gitaloxin rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  6. Chemical Tests Keller-killani test for digitoxose : 1gm digitalis powder+ 10 ml, 70% alcohol (for 2 to 3 minutes)---boil---filtrate+ 5ml water and 0.5 ml strong lead acetate solution ------shake--- filtrate+ chloroform & evaporated ---- extractive+ glacial acetic acid + 2 drops ferric chloride solution + 2 ml concentrated sulphuric acid------ reddish brown layer acquiring bluish-green colour Legal test: The extract is dissolved in pyridine, sodium nitroprusside solution is added to it and made alkaline-pink or red colour is produced. Bat jet test: To a section of digitalis, sodium picrate solution is added. It shows yellow to orange colour. Use:- in the treatment of congestive heart failure Dose:- Initial dose - 1 - 2 g in 24 - 48 hours . Adulterants: The leaves ofVerbascumthapsus (Scrophulariaceae) The primrose leaves : The leaves ofPrimulavulgaris (Primulaceae) rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  7. ARJUNA Synonym: Arjun bark, Arjun Biological Source: Arjuna consists of dried stem bark of the plant known as Terminaliaarjuna Rob, belonging to family Combretaceae Geographical Source : in Indian (Chotta-Nagpur region, M.P.) Cultivation and Collection : -naturally growing plant in the dense forests -wild growing plants - seeds germination in 21 days -fertile loam and rainfall in range of 75 to 190 cm rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  8. Macroscopic Characters : • Colour - greyish-brown • Odour - None • Taste - Astringent • Shape - Flats Chemical constituents: -contains 15% of tannins -also contains triterpenoidsaponin, arjunolic acid, arjunic acid, arjunogenin. sitosterol, ellagic acid, and arjunic acid, flavonoids, calcium, aluminium and magnesium salts rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  9. Chemical test: Ether extract shows pinkish fluorescence under UV light Uses :as cardiotonic. antidysenteric. diuretic and tonic properties. hypotensive action Adulterants :Terminaliatomentosa rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

  10. rmspharma@gmail.com @maharudra rakh

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