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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

The Growth of the American Labor Movement. Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900. The Changing American Labor Force. Child Labor. Child Labor. “Galley Labor”. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900. The Molly Maguires (1875). James McParland. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: Pinkerton Agents.

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The Growth of the American Labor Movement

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  1. The Growth of the American Labor Movement

  2. Labor Force Distribution1870-1900

  3. The Changing American Labor Force

  4. Child Labor

  5. Child Labor

  6. “Galley Labor”

  7. Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

  8. The Molly Maguires(1875) JamesMcParland

  9. The Corporate “Bully-Boys”: PinkertonAgents

  10. A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

  11. Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor • “scabs” • P. R. campaign • Pinkertons • lockout • blacklisting • yellow-dog contracts • court injunctions • open shop • boycotts • sympathy demonstrations • informational picketing • closed shops • organized strikes • “wildcat” strikes

  12. Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

  13. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor trade card

  14. Goals of the Knights of Labor • Eight-hour workday. • Workers’ cooperatives. • Worker-owned factories. • Abolition of child and prison labor. • Increased circulation of greenbacks. • Equal pay for men and women. • Safety codes in the workplace. • Prohibition of contract foreign labor. • Abolition of the National Bank.

  15. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  16. The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

  17. The Tournament of Today: A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

  18. Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

  19. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

  20. Haymarket Martyrs

  21. Governor John Peter Altgeld

  22. The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

  23. How the AF of L Would Help the Workers • Catered to the skilled worker. • Represented workers in matters of national legislation. • Maintained a national strike fund. • Evangelized the cause of unionism. • Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. • Mediated disputes between management and labor. • Pushed for closed shops.

  24. Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

  25. Big Corporate Profits!

  26. A “CompanyTown”: Pullman, IL

  27. Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

  28. The Pullman Strike of 1894

  29. President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

  30. The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

  31. The Socialists Eugene V. Debs

  32. International Workers of the World (“Wobblies”)

  33. “Big Bill” Haywood of theIWW • Violence was justified to overthrow capitalism.

  34. I W W & the Internationale

  35. The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

  36. Mother Jones: “The Miner’s Angel” • Mary Harris. • Organizer for theUnited MineWorkers. • Founded the SocialDemocratic Party in 1898. • One of the founding members of the I. W. W. in 1905.

  37. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  38. Lawrence, MA Strike: 1912

  39. The “Formula” unions + violence + strikes + socialists + immigrants = anarchists

  40. Labor Union Membership

  41. Workers Benefits Today

  42. Social Darwinism Idea of Economic Survival of the Fittest. Borrowed from Charles Darwin’s theory. Used by Robber Barons to justify their unfair business tactics!

  43. Andrew Carnagie • Horizontal Consolidation= Buy out competitors • Vertical Integration= Buy out all businesses which are a part of the steps of production for your product.

  44. The Rise & Decline of Organized Labor

  45. Right-to-Work States Today

  46. Unionism & Globalization?

  47. Mother Jones • Formed United Mine Workers of America • Organized an anti- child labor movement by taking injured children to Washington DC. • It worked!

  48. One More Tragedy! • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire • March 25th 1911 • 146 women parish • Doors to the factory were locked to keep union organizers out and to prevent theft • Fire Escape collapsed • Many women jumped to their deaths

  49. Hope from Tragedy • Because of the disaster, States began implementing fire safety codes.

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