A Global Conflict

1. A Global Conflict Chapter 29 Section 2-3

2. Who was Involved? • Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary • Allies: France, Serbia, Great Britain, and US (later).

3. War in the West • Stalemate along the Western Front – border between France and Germany • Stuck in trench warfare • Schlieffen Plan – Germany’s plan to attack and defeat Russia first, then attack France. • Goal was to avoid fighting a war on two fronts.

5. Africa and Asia • Allied forces attack German colonies in Africa and Asia. • British and French recruit troops and workers from their colonies in Africa and Asia. • Volunteers hoped to service would lead to independence of their country.

6. 1917 - Germany and the US • Unrestricted warfare – German submarines would sink any ship without warning in British waters. • Goal: to stop war related supplies from reach Britain. • Results in the sinking of several American ships • Sinking of the Lusitania – 128 Americans killed.

8. Zimmerman Note • Germany offers to help Mexico “reconquer” land it lost to the US if Mexico becomes allies with Germany. • Intercepted by the US • Pushed the US to declare war on Germany • US had more economic ties with Great Britain • Also share common ancestor, institutions, and language

9. Government’s Role in the War • Became a total war – countries devoted all their resources to the war effort. • Government take control of the economy • make sure war-related goods were made. • Use ration system – people allowed to buy small amounts of goods in short supply. • Promotion of Propaganda – one-sided information designed to persuade and maintain support for the war.

10. Role of Women • Replaced men in factories, offices, and shops. • Built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, and served as nurses. • Helped to keep soldiers supplies with food, clothing, and weapons • Showed women were capable of filling men’s jobs.

11. Russia Withdraws from the War • 1917- Civil unrest in Russia forces czar to step down from throne • Communists soon take control of Russia’s government • Russia signs treaty with Germany in March 1918, pulls out of war • Germany able to move most forces to Western Front

12. End of WWI • Second Battle of the Marne – defeat Germany • American troops help stop the German advance and lead counterattack • Rebellion in Austria-Hungary and Germany • armistice— end of fighting—signed in November 1918

13. Legacy of the War • 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21 million wounded • devastates European economies, drains national treasuries • Destruction of land and cities. • Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair

15. Wilson’s plan for Peace • Wilson proposes Fourteen Points—outline for lasting world peace • Calls for free trade, end to secret alliances, military buildups • Promotes self-determination—right of people to govern own nation • Envisions international peace-keeping body to settle world disputes

16. Treaty of Versailles • Creates League of Nations—international organization to keep peace • Germans blamed for war • forces Germany to pay damages to nations • Germany loses all of its colonies. • New nations created from land lost by Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire.

19. Results of the Treaty of Versailles • Germans angry after taking blame for war • Many Americans oppose League of Nations • Want peace by staying out of European affairs. • Some former colonies express anger over not winning independence • Fought in the war to prove they should be independent

20. Review • What caused the US to get involved in WWI? • What were three effects of the war? • What were three effects of the Treaty of Versailles?