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Section 3 - A Global Conflict

Section 3 - A Global Conflict. By Ben Heller. European War World War. Setting the Stage.

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Section 3 - A Global Conflict

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  1. Section 3-A Global Conflict By Ben Heller

  2. European War World War

  3. Setting the Stage • You have already learned about the networks of allies within Europe. In this section, the European nations at war looked outside of Europe for allies to supply troops and resources. The Allies gained Japan and Australia as allies and Britain used their colony in India for troops. Bulgaria and Ottomans in Turkey became allies with the Central Powers to help their war efforts. You will now see why these countries did what they did and what ended the war.

  4. The Gallipoli Campaign • Military strategy developed by The Allies to capture the Dardanelles Strait • Named after the Gallipoli Peninsula • Through the Dardanelles, the Allies could take Constantinople and defeat Turkey • Then they could send supplies to Russia • Ended in… Stalemate

  5. War in Africa and Asia • Japan captured German territory in China and the Pacific islands • Britain and France captured Germany’s African colonies • Imperial nations took soldiers and laborers from their colonies throughout the world • Some colonies did not want to take any part in the war • Gandhi encouraged Indians to join the war because it would improve India’s status with Britain

  6. America • Originally, America was isolationist and neutral • That all changed when Germany practiced unrestricted submarine warfare • A German submarine sunk the Lusitania, killing 128 Americans and enraging the US public • Germany stopped attacking passenger ships near Britain... For Now…

  7. America cont. • Britain intercepted a telegram from Zimmermann, Germany’s Secretary for Foreign Affairs, which asked Mexico to declare war on America in exchange for Germany returning what Mexico had lost to America in the past • It also stated that Germany would resume unrestricted submarine warfare in hopes that America would not react quickly enough • This pushed Woodrow Wilson, the president, over the edge, so America joined the war on the side of the Allies

  8. Questions • What was the Gallipoli Campaign and why was it launched? • What was one of the two positions of colonies regarding joining the war? • What position did America take before unrestricted submarine warfare? • What pushed The United States over the edge and into the war?

  9. Total War • In total war, the entire government is committed to winning the war. • Countries regulated the economy and put everybody to work • Governments rationed food and other goods • They censored war news and spread propaganda

  10. The Role of Women • During the war, women filled the shoes of men, working in places like factories and farms • They supplied the troops with food, clothing, and weapons • Some women worked as nurses at the front lines • Illustrates how everything was dedicated to the war

  11. Questions • How did governments practice total war? • How did countries make the war seem favorable? • What did women do to help the war effort?

  12. Civil War in Russia • In 1917, Czar Nicholas was forced to step down • Russians soldiers refused to continue fighting in the war • Vladimir Lenin took over later that year • In 1918, he made peace with Germany with the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending the war for Russia

  13. Collapse of the Central Powers • Now, Germany had a war on only one front and directed its full attention at France at the Second Battle of the Marne, as Germany had reached the Marne River again • The Allies defeated the weakened German army and broke down the Central Powers • Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire surrendered and there was a revolution in Austria-Hungary • Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down and Germany became a republic • Germany and France finally signed an armistice to end the fighting

  14. The Legacy of WWI • 8.5 million deaths, $338 billion • New weapons forever changed the very nature of war • Introduced the concept of a world war • Germany resented the peace agreements and wanted revenge, which helped lead to WWII…

  15. Questions • What advantage did Germany gain near the end of the war? • Why did the Central Powers fall apart? • What is one legacy of World War I?

  16. Beyond the Textbook • Why exactly did the Gallipoli Campaign fail? There are many reasons • British minesweepers did not detect mines that destroyed British ships • The Turks had the high ground and were better prepared for the difficult terrain • Parliament sent no more troops to help those that were already in Turkey • British leadership was poor, as generals changed during the campaign • Dysentery and malaria killed many attackers • Because they were badly supplied and under attack, British and French troops had to dig trenches, creating a stalemate and accomplishing nothing

  17. Modern Connection During World War I, weapons like machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and submarines were the newest technology. Since then, many other lethal weapons have been developed.

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