A Global Conflict

1. A Global Conflict 13.3

2. The Gallipoli Campaign • What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? • The Dardanelles opened a gateway to the Ottoman capital, Constantinople • By securing the Dardanelles, the Allies believed they could take Constantinople and establish a supply line to Russia • What was the result of the Gallipoli campaign? • The war turned into a bloody stalemate • In December, after months of trench warfare, the Allies gave up and evacuated • 250,000 Allied casualties resulted

3. The Dardanelles

4. The U.S. Enters the War • 1. U.S.-British relations • The U.S. shared a bond with Great Britain due to its common language and ancestry • 2. The Lusitania • Germans announce policy of unrestricted submarine warfare • May 1915: A German U-boat sinks the British passenger liner, the Lusitania because they suspected it carried ammunition • Over 1,000 people were killed, including 128 American citizens

5. The U.S. Enters the War • 3. The Zimmerman Note • U.S. officials intercept a telegram written by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman • The telegram was meant for Mexico and promised to help Mexico “reconquer” it’s land from the U.S. if they sided with the Central Powers • This was the last straw for the U.S. • The U.S. declares ware on Germany in 1917

6. Russia withdraws from the War • Why did the czar’s government collapse? • Russian citizens were frustrated by lack of food and fuel • Civil unrest led to the Czar stepping down • By 1917, 5.5 million Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed or taken prisoner • Vladimir Lenin led a Communist Revolution and overthrew the new government • Signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ending Russia’s involvement in World War I

7. Second Battle of the Marne • What was the significance of this battle? • After Russia’s withdrawal, Germany sends all of its troops to the Western front • Germans reached the Marne River, just 40 miles outside of Paris • The Allies, including 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack • The refreshed Allied powers used tanks to push back the exhausted German forces

8. World War I Ends • What events signaled the defeat of the Central Powers? • Kaiser Wilhelm steps down after soldiers mutiny • Germany declares itself a republic • On November 11th, 1918, Germany and France signed an armistice, effectively ending the war

9. Review • 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason that the U.S. joined the war? • A. Interception of the Zimmerman note • B. Germany’s use of unrestricted submarine warfare • C. Cultural and political ties to Great Britain • D. An alliance with Serbia

10. 2. Which of the following best describes the end of World War I? • A. The opposing sides made an agreement to stop the war • B. The Central powers forced the Allied powers to surrender after the 2nd battle of the Marne • C. The Germans claimed victory after the Russians dropped out of the war • D. The Allied powers forced the Central powers to surrender after the Americans joined the war

11. 3. What was the purpose of the Gallipoli campaign? • A. The Allied powers hoped to seek revenge for the sinking of the Lusitania • B. The Allied powers hoped to gain a supply line for Russia • C. The Allied powers hoped to weaken the Central powers by eliminating any threats from the Ottoman empire • D. The Allied powers hoped to gain a port on the Aegean Sea

12. 4. Which of the following led to the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk? • A. Russian citizens suffered a shortage of food and fuel • B. The Czar was forced to step down • C. Lenin led a communist revolution which instituted a new government in Russia • D. All of the above

13. 5. What advantage did the Allied powers have over the Germans at the Second Battle of the Marne? • A. Germany was taken by surprise in the Allied attack • B. The Allies were aided by refreshed American troops • C. The Allies used airplanes to drop bombs on German troops • D. All of the above