1 / 36

Exploring Human Anatomy and Physiology: From Structure to Function

Delve into the human body's intricate systems, from the axial skeleton to major organ systems, learning anatomical terms and body planes. Understand how the body maintains homeostasis through feedback mechanisms. Explore the roles of body cavities and the significance of maintaining a constant internal environment. This comprehensive guide provides insights into the complex yet fascinating world of anatomy and physiology.

franklinjones
Download Presentation

Exploring Human Anatomy and Physiology: From Structure to Function

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Human Body

  2. Anatomy or physiology • The skull and vertebral column is part of the axial skeleton. • The cerebral cortex consists of 4 lobes: frontal , parietal, temporal, occipital • Skeletal muscles pull on bones, creating forces that produce body motion • The stomach, small intestine, and large intestine are chambers of the digestive tract.

  3. Anatomy or physiology? • Receptors of the eye and ear detect environmental changes for the respective senses of vision and hearing. • Antidiuretic hormone, secreted from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates water reabsorbtion in the kidney.

  4. Anatomy – Study of structure or morphology of the body. Physiology The study of how the body works or functions Pathophysiology – how a body part functions when a person has a disease Anatomy and Physiology

  5. II. Levels of Organization • From simple to complex • Atom • molecule • Large molecules • Cells – basic unit of life • Tissues – groups of specialized cells • Organs – has a specific function • Organ systems – groups of organs • Human organism

  6. III. Organs and Organ systems Major organ systems

  7. Integument System • Skin, hair and nails • Protection • Regulate body temperature • Sense of touch

  8. Skeletal System • Bones, joints, cartilage • Protects and supports body organs

  9. Muscular System • Responsible for movement of skeleton • posture

  10. Nervous System • Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sense organs • Integration and coordination • Regulation and response

  11. Endocrine System • Glands • Secrete hormones and chemicals to regulate body activities

  12. Circulatory System • Heart and blood vessels • Transports blood

  13. Lymphatic System • Lymph nodes • Defend the body • immunity

  14. Respiratory System • Lungs • Exchange of gases with the environment

  15. Digestive System • Convert food to nutrients • Absorb nutrients • Eliminate waste

  16. Urinary System • Kidneys • Excrete waste • Formation of urine

  17. Reproductive System • Enable the human to reproduce

  18. Homeostasis: • Maintenance of a constant condition in the internal environment • Internal environment: extra cellular fluid surrounding our cells • Homois = same, stasis= standing • Examples: body temperature, water balance, ion balance, glucose levels, pH

  19. Maintaining Homeostasis • Nervous System and the endocrine system • Negative Feedback Response – a stimulus is met by a response that reverses the trend of the stimulus

  20. Receptors: Detect stimuli, deviation from normal Component of internal environment Regulatory mechanisms

  21. Negative Feedback Response

  22. Anatomical Terms Directional Terminology

  23. Anatomical Position • Face Forward • Arms at side • Palms forward • Feet forward

  24. 1. Prone and Supine • Supine: lying face up • Referring to hand – palms forward • Prone: lying face down • Referring to hand – palms are back

  25. 2. Anterior (ventral) vs. Posterior (dorsal) • Anterior - Referring to front of body • Posterior – back side of body

  26. Superior vs. inferior • Superior – refers to structures above another • Inferior – refers to a structure below another

  27. Medial vs. Lateral • Medial – located closer to midline • Lateral – located away from midline

  28. Proximal vs. distal • Proximal – located closer to the point of origin • Distal – located away or “distant” from the point of origin.

  29. Body Planes: • Sagittal: • Vertically through the body • Divides body into left and right portions

  30. Frontal or Coronal Plane • Extends vertically • Perpendicular to sagittal plane • Divides body into anterior and posterior halves

  31. Transverse Plane or Horizontal plane • Divides the body into superior and inferior portions

  32. Body Cavities • Dorsal body cavity • Cranial cavity – superior, hollow portion of skull, brain located • Spinal cavity – contains the spinal cord, vertebrae make up cavity

  33. Ventral Body Cavity • Ventral body cavity • Thoracic cavity • Superior to diaphragm • Contents: Plural cavity (lungs) • Mediastinum – chest cavity space • Contents: pericardial cavity (heart), upper respiratory tract, esophagus, major blood vessels, thymus gland

  34. Ventral Body Cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity • Inferior to diaphragm • Abdominal cavity: stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen. Pancreas, small intestine, part of large intestine

  35. Ventral Body Cavity • Abdominopelvic cavity • Pelvic cavity: rest of large intestine, bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

More Related